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Whipples disease (WD) is a rare infectious disease with an annual incidence of 1-610.000.000. It is mostly found in middle aged, Caucasian males. The causative bacterial agent Tropheryma whipplei (TW) is common, but only few infected with TW develop actual WD pointing to host factors as essential. We present a case story of classic WD seen in a 48-year-old man presumed to have sarcoidosis and therefore treated with prednisolone which caused WD to flare up and ultimately unmask the disease.Erythropoietin (EPO) is a hypoxia-inducible hormone best known for its role in erythropoiesis. However, EPO also has anti-inflammatory and tissue-protective characteristics in multiple organs as summarised in this review. In the brain, EPO is upregulated by hypoxia, regulates ventilation and plays a key role in neuroprotection and neuroplasticity. Systemically administered EPO crosses the blood-brain-barrier, enhances neuroplasticity and improves cognitive functions in several disorders of the brain. Given this evidence, a trial is being planned to investigate whether EPO can improve the physiologic and neurologic outcome of COVID-19.Hypoxia triggers hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). Not only hypoxia triggers downstream HIF target genes for transcription, as intermittent hyperoxia also possesses similar capabilities, suggesting that fluctuations in oxygen availability may be equally important for inducing HIF transcription. This review describes some of the mechanisms, whereby intermittent hyperbaric hyperoxia may explain some of the observations during hyperbaric oxygen therapy such as enhanced wound healing, angiogenesis and tissue healing, and concludes that oxidative stress enhances certain antibiotics in infection control.In a variety of corneal and retinal diseases, ocular ischaemia mediates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, which in turn causes angiogenesis and increased vascular permeability. Consequently, VEGF-inhibitory treatment has been introduced in different ocular diseases. check details Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α is an upstream regulator of VEGF-A, and increased HIF-1α expression has been established in ocular animal models. Upcoming translational studies are expected to increase our understanding of the complex balance between pro- and anti-angiogenic factors in the eye.Atherosclerosis of coronary arteries can result in a hypoxic state where myocardial cells may become dysfunctional or die. The oxygen sensing transcription factor hypoxia inducible factor 1 responds to low oxygen levels by elevating the production of angiogenic growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Despite this, endogenous processes and conventional therapies are inefficient in some patients. To stimulate angiogenesis, VEGF has been injected into the myocardium. As stated in this review, this therapy has so far been proven safe and studies are conducted in several countries, including Denmark.Through many years the ability to suppress angiogenesis has been exploited in the field of oncology. The efficiency is well-documented and the indications are constantly growing, although the impact often is rather limited, as we argue in this review. Recent evidence suggests that inhibition of angiogenesis may be clinically meaningful through several lines of treatment but lack of biomarkers limits an individualised approach. The tumour microenvironment is anti-immune and a combination of anti-angiogenic drugs and immunotherapy has demonstrated impressive results and may alter the therapy in the years to come.Members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, are considered both serious and urgent public health threats. Biofilms formed by these health care-associated pathogens can lead to negative and costly health outcomes. The global spread of antibiotic resistance, coupled with increased tolerance to antimicrobial treatments in biofilm-associated bacteria, highlights the need for novel strategies to overcome treatment hurdles. Bacteriophages (phages), or viruses that infect bacteria, have reemerged as one such potential strategy. Virulent phages are capable of infecting and killing their bacterial hosts, in some cases producing depolymerases that are able to hydrolyze biofilms. Phage therapy does have its limitations, however, including potential narrow host ranges, development of bacterial resistance to infection, and the potential spread of phage-encoded virulence genes. That being said, advances in phage isolation, screening, and genome sequencing tools provide an upside in overcoming some of these limitations and open up the possibilities of using phages as effective biofilm control agents.A four- and a half-month-old girl with severe dilated cardiomyopathy due to neonatal enterovirus myocarditis, treated with diuretics and milrinone for the past 4 months, was infected with SARS-CoV-2. The disease course was characterised by high fever and gastrointestinal symptoms. Cardiac function, as measured by echocardiography, remained stable. The treatment focused on maintaining a normal heart rate and a stable fluid balance. In children with severe underlying cardiac disease, even a mild SARS-CoV-2 infection can require close monitoring and compound treatment.Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is involved in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and weight regulating actions through the activation of the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R). Clinical effectiveness of GLP-1 mimetics is effective in improving glucose control in patients. Thus, identifying and developing orally active small-molecule agonists are highly desirable. This study summarizes the structure-function relationship of hGLP-1R through computational approaches and search of small molecule GLP-1R agonists. We carried out mutation guided data-driven study, for developing the GLP-1R model to explore and validate the putative site for quinoxaline analogues. The developed GLP-1R homology model was subjected to 500 ns MD simulation for validation. Various snapshots were considered to identify the best structure of GLP-1R based on correlation between experimental pEC50 and various theoretical parameters (docking score, MM-GBSA ΔG bind, WM/MM ΔG bind). The putative binding site (Sitemap and WaterMap has been predicted and it matched well with the available data.