Horowitznoel5251

In this nested case-control study, we investigated if antiviral treatment given prior to onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) could influence incident AD.

From a large population-based cohort study in northern Sweden, 262 individuals that later developed AD were compared to a non-AD matched control group with respect to prescriptions of herpes antiviral treatment. All included subjects were herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1) carriers and the matching criteria were age, sex, apolipoprotein E genotype (ε4 allele carriership), and study sample start year.

Among those who developed AD, 6 prescriptions of antivirals were found, compared to 20 among matched controls. Adjusted for length of follow-up, a conditional logistic regression indicated a difference in the risk for AD development between groups (odds ratio for AD with an antiviral prescription 0.287,

=.018).

Antiviral treatment might possibly reduce the risk for later development of HSV1-associated AD.

Antiviral treatment might possibly reduce the risk for later development of HSV1-associated AD.

Despite increasing dementia rates, few culturally informed cognitive assessment tools exist for Indigenous populations. The Canadian Indigenous Cognitive Assessment (CICA) was adapted with First Nations on Manitoulin Island, Canada, and provides a brief, multi-domain cognitive assessment in English and Anishinaabemowin.

Using community-based participatory research (CBPR) methods, we assessed the CICA for inter-rater and test-retest reliability in 15 individuals. We subsequently evaluated validity and established meaningful CICA cut-off scores in 55 individuals assessed by a geriatrician.

The CICA demonstrated strong reliability (intra-class coefficient=0.95 [0.85,0.98]). The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.98 (0.94, 1.00), and the ideal cut-point to identify likely cases of dementia was a score of less than or equal to 34 with sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 85%.

When used with older First Nations men and women living in First Nations communities, the CICA offers a culturally safe, reliable, and valid assessment to support dementia case-finding.

When used with older First Nations men and women living in First Nations communities, the CICA offers a culturally safe, reliable, and valid assessment to support dementia case-finding.

The apolipoprotein E (

) ε4 allele is the greatest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our aim was to identify the structural brain measures that mitigate the negative effect of

ε4 on cognition, which would have implications for AD diagnosis and treatment trial selection.

A total of 742 older adults (mean age 70.1 ± 8.7 years) were stratified by

status and classified as cognitively normal (CDR 0) or with very mild dementia (CDR 0.5). Regional brain volume and cognitive performance were measured.

There were significant interactions between

and CDR on the left precuneus and on bilateral superior frontal volumes. These regions were preserved in CDR-0 ε3/ε4 and ε4/ε4 carriers but were reduced in CDR-0.5 ε3/ε4 and ε4/ε4 carriers, compared to their respective ε3/ε3 counterparts. Educational attainment predicted greater brain reserve.

This pattern of preserved brain structure in cognitively normal ε4 carriers with comprised medial temporal volume is consistent with the theory of brain reserve.

This pattern of preserved brain structure in cognitively normal ε4 carriers with comprised medial temporal volume is consistent with the theory of brain reserve.

This study investigated the extent to which subjective and objective data from an online registry can be analyzed using machine learning methodologies to predict the current brain amyloid beta (Aβ) status of registry participants.

We developed and optimized machine learning models using data from up to 664 registry participants. Models were assessed on their ability to predict Aβ positivity using the results of positron emission tomography as ground truth.

Study partner-assessed Everyday Cognition score was preferentially selected for inclusion in the models by a feature selection algorithm during optimization.

Our results suggest that inclusion of study partner assessments would increase the ability of machine learning models to predict Aβ positivity.

Our results suggest that inclusion of study partner assessments would increase the ability of machine learning models to predict Aβ positivity.

Hippocampal subfield volumes are more closely associated with cognitive impairment than whole hippocampal volume in many diseases. Both memory and whole hippocampal volume decline after stroke. Selleck Y-27632 Understanding the subfields' temporal evolution could reveal valuable information about post-stroke memory.

We sampled 120 participants (38 control, 82 stroke), with cognitive testing and 3T-MRI available at 3 months and 3 years, from the Cognition and Neocortical Volume after Stroke (CANVAS) study. Verbal memory was assessed using the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised. Subfields were delineated using FreeSurfer. We used partial Pearson's correlation to assess the associations between subfield volumes and verbal memory scores, adjusting for years of education, sex, and stroke side.

The left cornu ammonis areas 2/3 and hippocampal tail volumes were significantly associated with verbal memory 3-month post-stroke. At 3 years, the associations became stronger and involved more subfields.

Hippocampal subfield volumes may be a useful biomarker for post-stroke cognitive impairment.

Hippocampal subfield volumes may be a useful biomarker for post-stroke cognitive impairment.

Adolescent substance use is a multifactorial social issue that leads to detrimental outcomes. The aim of this study is to understand the association of a lifetime history of substance abuse or dependence with family functioning, childhood victimisation, and depression, among adolescent male inmates in a juvenile detention centre in Malaysia.

This study was cross-sectional involving 230 inmates and was conducted in a juvenile detention centre in Malaysia. The mean age of the participants was 16.65years, with the highest percentage from the Malay ethnicity (87.8% where n=202). The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI-KID), Adolescent Alcohol and Drug Involvement Scale (AADIS), Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale (FACES) IV and Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire Second Revision (JVQ-R2) were used as instruments.

The prevalence of a lifetime history of substance abuse and substance dependence is 72.6% and 58.3%, respectively. A lifetime history of substance abuse and dependence had a significant association with age, race, religion, and peer/sibling victimisation.