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4%, 3.7%, and 0.3%, respectively. Normal HSG results accounted for 87.4% of the women while 5.5% had 2-sided tubal occlusions, 5.4% had 1-sided tubal occlusions, 1.0% had 1-sided hydrosalpinx, and 0.7% had 2-sided hydrosalpinx. There was no significant association between tubal diseases and current infections; however, aerobic vaginitis increased the risk of tubal diseases by 2.4 times. CONCLUSIONS A marked proportion of infertile Vietnamese women have genital tract infections that can significantly influence their reproductive function and performance. These infections should be routinely screened and treated properly to prevent their consequences, such as infertility, which is especially important in developing countries. Copyright (c) 2019 Minh Tam Le, Le Na Thi Nguyen, Duong Dinh Le, Quynh Tram Viet Ngo, Chau Anh Thi Nguyen, Bach Hoang Nguyen, Huy Vu Quoc Nguyen, Thanh Ngoc Cao, Andres Salumets, Reet Mandar.INTRODUCTION The spread of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) is difficult to control especially in the hospitals due to the successful mobilization and evolution of the genetic elements harboring the resistant determinants. The study was conducted to examine the distribution of aminoglycosides, tetracycline, and sulfonamide-resistant determinants among CRAB isolates that carry the blaOXA-23 gene. METHODOLOGY For a total of 160 CRAB strains isolated at tertiary care hospitals of Pakistan that mainly carried blaOXA-23 gene were included in the study to evaluate the assortment of antibiotic resistance genes. RESULTS The susceptibility rates of CRAB for other than beta-lactam drugs were 2.5% for both ciprofloxacin and aminoglycosides and 18% and 25% for sulfonamides and tetracyclines, respectively. Polymyxin B (MIC90, 1 g/mL) Colistin (MIC90, 1 g/mL) and Tigecycline (MIC90, 2 g/mL) were most active against these extensively drug-resistant CRAB isolates. The isolates were found to possess various genes mainly the tetB and sul2 for tetracycline and sulfonamide but the genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides were varied with various combinations. CONCLUSION Despite the CRAB clones containing blaOXA-23 have been previously reported in Pakistani hospitals, the screening of genetic determinants responsible for other antimicrobial agents is crucial for developing an effective surveillance and mitigation system for infection management. Copyright (c) 2019 Mohsin Khurshid, Muhammad Hidayat RaMohsin Khurshid, Muhammad Hidayat Rasool, Muhammad Hussnain Siddique, Farrukh Azeem, Muhammad Naeem, Muhammad Sohail, Muhammad Sarfraz, Muhammad Saqalein, Zeeshan Taj, Muhammad Atif Nisar, Muhammad Usman Qamar, Asim Shahzad.INTRODUCTION Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an ubiquitous bacterium causes various community-acquired and nosocomial infections. In this investigation, we aimed to screen the antibiotic susceptibility patterns and the prevalence of virulence factor genes in a set of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from nosocomial and community-acquired infections in the Northwestern of Morocco. METHODOLOGY A total of 155 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were collected (January 2015 - December 2016) from nosocomial and community-acquired infections at hospital centers and clinical laboratories in the Northwestern of Morocco. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by the standard disk diffusion method. In addition, PCR assays were used for screening five virulence encoding genes (lasB, algD, plcH, exoA, and exoS). RESULTS Our results revealed that high level of antimicrobial resistance was detected towards aztreonam (27.1%) followed by meropenem (14.2%). Ruboxistaurin nmr The resistance to imipenem was significantly higher in strains isolated from nosocomial infections (12.7%) than strains isolated from community-acquired infections (1.5%). The results highlighted that lasB (98.7%) and exoS (98.7%) were the most frequent virulence genes. CONCLUSIONS This survey provides data about phenotypic and genotypic properties of Pseudomonas aeruginosa emerged in the Northwestern of Morocco. It could be helpful for the health workers to improve infection control measures and to establish a surveillance system. Copyright (c) 2019 Chaimae Elmouaden, Amin Laglaoui, Latifa Ennanei, Mohammed Bakkali, Mohammed Abid.INTRODUCTION Linezolid is a synthetic antimicrobial agent with a broad spectrum of activity against virtually all Gram-positive bacteria. Although linezolid is generally well tolerated, the prolonged use of linezolid can lead to myelosuppression, including neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia. The aim of this study was investigating the risk factors for thrombocytopenia in patients who received linezolid therapy. METHODOLOGY This retrospective study was performed on patients who received linezolid therapy between July 2007 and December 2017. Thrombocytopenia was defined as either a platelets count of less then 100×109/L or a 25% reduction from the baseline platelet count. RESULTS A total of 371 patients, (198 (53%) male and 173(47%) female were included into the study. Mean duration of therapy was 12.81 ± 5.19 days. Linezolid-induced thrombocytopenia was detected in a total of 111 patients. Using the univariate analysis advanced sex, serum urea concentration, baseline platelet level and low eGFR value were found to be risk factors for linezolid associated thrombocytopenia (p less then 0.05). According to a multivariate analysis, patients undergoing carbapenem treatment combination therapy (p = 0.003) and with a baseline platelet level of less then 200×109/L (p = 0.00) were found to have a high risk of developing thrombocytopenia. CONCLUSIONS Several factors may influence of linezolid associated thrombocytopenia. Platelet count should be monitored during therapy and thrombocytopenia should be kept in mind in patients with baseline platelet level of less then 200×109/L, low eGFR, linezolid-carbapenem combination therapy. Copyright (c) 2019 Esra Kaya Kilic, Cemal Bulut, Meliha Cagla Sonmezer, Ozlem Ozel, Cigdem Ataman Hatipoglu, Gunay Tuncer Ertem, Necla Tulek, Sami Kinikli.INTRODUCTION Intravenous colistin is increasingly used to treat multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infections. Highly variable nephrotoxicity rates have been reported. Recent PK/PD studies propose a loading dose and a maintenance dose for better efficacy, but data on the renal toxicity of such regimens are rare. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence and risk factors for nephrotoxicity related to colistin after implementation of a new dosing regimen including a loading dose. METHODOLOGY This was a prospective observational study that was made between adult patients who received a minimum of 48 hours of intravenous colistin from December 2012 to January 2014 at the medical and surgical intensive care units (ICU) of a university hospital. The severity of acute kidney injury (AKI) was defined by the RIFLE criteria. RESULTS Fifty-nine patients met the inclusion criteria, and 31 (52.5%) developed nephrotoxicity. The APACHE-II score was > 15 in 81% of patients. The median time to nephrotoxicity was 7 days. Patients with AKI were in risk (10.