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5% of group A, but in only 27.4% of group B. Primary CLA resistance was higher in Southern and Eastern Europe (ORadj = 3.44, 95%CI 2.22-5.32, p less then 0.001 and 2.62, 95% CI 1.63-4.22 p less then 0.001, respectively) compared to Northern/Western Europe. Children born outside Europe showed higher primary MET resistance (ORadj = 3.81, 95%CI 2.25-6.45, p less then 0.001). Treatment success in group A reached only 79.8% (568/712) with 7-14 days triple therapy tailored to antibiotic susceptibility. Conclusion Peptic ulcers are rare in dyspeptic H. pylori infected children. Primary resistance to CLA and MET is markedly dependent on geographical regions of birth and residence. The ongoing survey will show whether implementation of the updated ESPGHAN/NASPGHAN guidelines will improve the eradication success.Juvenile polyps are the most common gastrointestinal polyps in childhood. Typically, they are located in the colon and present with intermittent and painless hematochezia. A few case reports have described juvenile polyps in the small intestine, all presenting as intussusception requiring surgery. We report an isolated juvenile polyp in the small intestine presenting with painless anemia, identified using video capsule endoscopy, and removed via enteroscopy.Objectives Esophageal dysmotility is common in patients with esophageal atresia (EA). High-resolution impedance manometry (HRIM) and Pressure Flow analysis (PFA) allow characterization of biomechanical events that drive bolus flow. The aims were to assess esophageal motility in children with EA, using pressure flow analysis, and to test whether there is a correlation between PFA parameters and symptoms or endoscopic/histologic findings. Methods HRIM was performed in 16 children with EA (median age 11 years), compared with 13 patient controls (median age 14 years; p=NS vs patients). Wet swallows were analyzed using PFA. Medical charts were reviewed for symptoms and pathology results of the attendant esophagoscopy. EA patients were arbitrarily sub-grouped according to their motility pattern Group A with presence of distal contraction in ≥ 50% of the swallows and Group B with presence of distal contractions in less then 50% of the swallows. Results Esophageal peristaltic motor patterns were abnormal in all EA patients. Bolus transport was impaired as shown by the higher impedance Ratio (IR) in EA than in controls (0.47 vs 0.22 p less then 0.001). IR was also higher in Group B (n = 8) versus Group A (n = 8) (p less then 0.001). Symptoms of dysphagia were not correlated with the PFA measures. Contractile segment impedance (CSI), a marker of mucosal integrity, was significantly lower in the EA group. Conclusions Bolus transport was severely altered in EA patients but was not predictive of symptoms. The presence of residual distal contractions is associated with a more efficient bolus propulsion.Introduction Contemporary pediatric data on pouch outcomes are sparse, especially in the era of laparoscopic surgeries. We aimed to assess outcomes and predictors in children with ulcerative colitis (UC)/inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-unclassified who underwent colectomy and ileal-pouch-anal-anastomosis (IPAA). Abiraterone in vitro Methods This was a multicenter retrospective cohort study from 17 IBD centers affiliated with the Pediatric IBD Porto-group of ESPGHAN. An electronic REDcap system was used to collate baseline characteristics, demographic, clinical, management and surgical data, short and long-term outcomes, and to identify potential predictors of pouch outcome. Results Of the 129 patients included, 86 (67%) developed pouchitis during follow-up of median 40 months (IQR 26-72), of whom 33 (26%) with chronic pouchitis. Patients operated on by surgeons performing less then 10 pouch surgeries/year had a higher rate of chronic pouchitis (11/27 (41%) vs 8/54 (15%), p = 0.013) on both univariable and multivariable analyses and also associated with time to pouchitis (p = 0.018) and chronic pouchitis (p = 0.020). At last follow-up, overall pouch performance was rated good/excellent in 86 (74%) patients. Time from colectomy to pouch formation was not associated with pouch outcomes. Despite higher rate of non-severe surgical complications among children undergoing colectomy at less then 10 years of age (7/16 (44%) vs 10/92 (11%), p = 0.003), functional outcome and pouchitis rate did not differ. Conclusions Pouchitis rate in children with UC/IBDU is high. Surgeon experience is the major modifiable risk factor for pouch outcome. Our analyses suggest that pouch surgery can also be performed successfully in young children.Purpose To describe the use of glycerine in improving media clarity in cases with edematous cornea. Methods Retrospective case-series including patients with posterior segment pathologies needing surgical invention and having corneal edema. Each case was studied for the role of topical application of glycerine instead of viscoelastic agents and the course of surgery. The cases were followed up for minimum 3-months duration. Results Six cases with corneal edema having posterior segment pathology underwent surgery with intraoperative topical application of glycerine. The corneal edema was seen to clear with progression of surgery and was maintained until the end of surgery. Procedures like vitreoretinal surgery, identification of break, internal limiting membrane peeling, intraocular lens explantation, scleral indentation, DSEK graft removal, and subretinal band removal could be performed in these cases. Conclusion Intraoperative glycerine use during vitreoretinal surgeries is helpful in improving the corneal clarity and maintaining it till the end of surgery.Although the number of older people living with HIV (PLWH) is growing, prior research has focused on older PLWH as care recipients and psychosocial factors (e.g., stigma, social support) associated with their HIV care. Literature on HIV caregiving mainly focuses on family members providing care to PLWH or children of parents with HIV. There is a gap in the literature in terms of older PLWH's roles as caregivers to their family members. Thanks to combination antiretrovirals that help PLWH live longer and have healthier lives, many older PLWH now find themselves in a position to provide care to family members. To help older PLWH age successfully, it is important to understand their role as caregivers while they juggle responsibilities with their own health care needs. This article elucidates this gap in the literature on older PLWH who are caregivers and provides direction for a research agenda and potential clinical implications.