Bunnflindt1587
014) compared with patients in the CG. The fMRI studies showed a significant effect (
<0.001) of BF on primary visual cortex activation in the TG compared with the CG. Finally, we observed significant (
< 0.05) improvements of best-corrected visual acuity, macular sensitivity, and fixation stability parameters in the TG compared with the CG.
Our study showed that visual rehabilitation using BF improved the usage of residual visual function in patients with STGD1.
Our findings show that the BF treatment compared with no treatment at all resulted in benefits. The specificity of the treatment could be examined to determine whether BF can be included in clinical practice.
Our findings show that the BF treatment compared with no treatment at all resulted in benefits. The specificity of the treatment could be examined to determine whether BF can be included in clinical practice.
The purpose of this study was to use chromatic pupil campimetry (CPC) for an objective evaluation of local retinal function in exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and to assess disease activity.
Gaze-controlled CPC was performed in 19 subjects with optical coherence tomography-confirmed exudative AMD (75 ± 4 years; 11 women) and the results compared with those of an age-matched control group (n = 11; 72 ± 6 years; 8 women). Local retinal function was evaluated by measuring pupil responses to 3° red stimuli (60 cd/m
, 1 second) at 41 positions covering 30° of the central visual field on a dim blue background (test duration 6 minutes). Primary outcome parameters were relative maximal pupil constriction amplitude (% from baseline) and latency to constriction onset.
Pupil constriction amplitudes were significantly reduced in the macular region, and especially in the fovea in AMD (16% ± 4.7%; mean ± standard deviation), compared with the control group (24% ± 6%;
= 0.00036). Receiver operating characteristic values were 0.84 for the constriction amplitude in the fovea, and 0.9 for the steepness angle between periphery and center. Brepocitinib supplier Mean latency to constriction onset in the fovea in AMD was significantly longer (333 ± 53 ms; normals 273 ± 59 ms,
= 0.0072), and particularly in the active compared with the inactive status of exudative AMD (
= 0.01).
CPC detected functional changes in exudative AMD with high sensitivity. Time dynamics of active exudative AMD differed from disease inactivity.
With the combination of short recording time, objectiveness of the measurement and gaze-correction for fixation problems, this method presents a suitable complement to the currently used clinical functional tests of the macula.
With the combination of short recording time, objectiveness of the measurement and gaze-correction for fixation problems, this method presents a suitable complement to the currently used clinical functional tests of the macula.
To evaluate the riboflavin (RF) concentration and distribution in the corneal stroma and the risk for endothelial photodamage during corneal crosslinking (CXL) following 10- and 30-minute impregnation.
De-epithelialized rabbit corneas were subjected to impregnation for 10 and 30 minutes with different RF formulations. Human corneal endothelial cells (HCECs) were subjected to different RF concentrations and ultraviolet A (UVA) dosages. Assays included fluorescence imaging, absorption spectroscopy of corneal buttons and anterior chamber humor, and cell viability staining.
After 10 and 30 minutes of impregnation, respectively, anterior chamber fluid showed an RF concentration of (1.6 ± 0.21)•10
% and (5.4 ± 0.21)•10
%, and trans-corneal absorption reported an average corneal RF concentration of 0.0266% and 0.0345%. This results in a decrease in endothelial RF concentration from 0.019% to 0.0056%, whereas endothelial UVA irradiance increases by 1.3-fold when changing from 30 to 10 minutes of impregnation. HCEC viability in cultures exposed to UVA illumination and RF concentrations as concluded for the endothelium after 10- and 30-minute impregnation was nonstatistically different at 51.0% ± 3.9 and 41.3 ± 5.0%, respectively.
The risk for endothelial damage in CXL by RF/UVA treatment does not increase by shortened impregnation because the 30% increase in light intensity is accompanied by a 3.4-fold decrease of the RF concentration in the posterior stroma. This is substantiated by similar endothelial cell toxicity seen in vitro, which in fact appears to favor 10-minute impregnation.
This study offers compelling arguments for (safely) shortening RF impregnation duration, reducing patients' burden and costly operation room time.
This study offers compelling arguments for (safely) shortening RF impregnation duration, reducing patients' burden and costly operation room time.
To quantify the effect of silicone hydrogel crosslink density on the adhesion at corneal epithelial cells/silicone hydrogel contact lens interface.
A custom-built rheometer, referred to as the live cell monolayer rheometer, was used to measure the adhesive strengths between corneal epithelial cell monolayers and silicone hydrogel lens surfaces. The resulting stress relaxations of senofilcon A-derived silicone hydrogel materials with varying crosslinking densities and delefilcon A were tested. Senofilcon A-like materials labeled L1, L2, L3, L4, and L5 contained crosslinker concentrations of 1.2, 1.35, 1.5, 1.65, and 1.8 wt%, respectively. The residual modulus measured from the live cell monolayer rheometer provided a direct indication of adhesive attachment.
Within the senofilcon-derived series, the adhesive strength shows a surprising minimum with respect to crosslink density. Specifically, L1 (1.20%) has the highest adhesive strength of 39.5 ± 11.2 Pa. The adhesive strength diminishes to a minimum of 11.2 ± 2.1 Pa for L3, whereafter it increases to 14.5 ± 2.5 Pa and 18.1 ± 5.1 Pa for L4 and L5, respectively. The delefilcon A lens exhibits a comparable adhesive strength of 27.8 ± 6.3 Pa to L1.
These results demonstrated that increasing the crosslink density has a nonmonotonic influence on the adherence of lenses to mucin-expressing corneal epithelial cells, which suggests a competition mechanism at the cell/lens interface.
Because the adhesiveness of contact lenses to ocular tissues may impact the comfort level for lens wearers and affect ease of removal, this study suggests that lens adhesion can be optimized through the control of crosslink density.
Because the adhesiveness of contact lenses to ocular tissues may impact the comfort level for lens wearers and affect ease of removal, this study suggests that lens adhesion can be optimized through the control of crosslink density.
