Tuckerrafferty3590

The cationic glycopeptide bleomycin (BLM) is a broad-spectrum chemotherapy drug clinically applied to treat various malignant tumors. The poor cell membrane permeability of BLM, which is prone to high dose usage and may consequently induce dose-dependent lung toxicity, is a sticking point to limit clinical applications of BLM. As a commercial biosurfactant, the anionic lipopeptide surfactin (SF) is well known for its potent ability to disturb membranes and widely applied in cosmetic area as a permeabilization synergist. In this work, our in vitro investigations showed that SF could ameliorate the cell internalization of BLM, and the combined usage of SF notably improved the antitumor activity of BLM or its analogues while having no obvious effects on normal cells. Subsequent in vivo assessments on the subcutaneous treatment of A375 melanoma in mice demonstrated that SF could also enhance the therapeutic effects of BLM family compounds in subeffective doses, with no obvious toxicities on lungs and skin. Aminoguanidine hydrochloride in vitro Also, our preliminary results suggested the formation of complex micelles at the nanoscale by the self-assembly of BLM and SF, which may contribute to the ameliorated internalization and the antitumor effect of BLM. Therefore, SF could be applied as a potential synergist for BLM to reduce its treatment dose while maintaining the therapeutic effect on treatment of skin carcinoma, which provides us an alternative way to minimize the side effects of clinical BLM and facilitate the development of new BLM-type drugs.The sensing of small molecules poses the challenge of developing devices able to discriminate between compounds that may be structurally very similar. Here, attention has been paid to the use of self-assembled monolayer (SAM)-protected gold nanoparticles since they enable a modular approach to tune single-molecule affinity and selectivity simply by changing functional moieties (i.e., covering ligands), along with multivalent molecular recognition. To date, the discovery of monolayers suitable for a specific molecular target has relied on trial-and-error approaches, with ligand chemistry being the main criterion used to modulate selectivity and sensitivity. By using molecular dynamics, we showcase that either individual molecular characteristics and/or collective features such as ligand flexibility, monolayer organization, ligand local ordering, and interfacial solvent properties can also be exploited conveniently. The knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that drive the recognition of small molecules on SAM-covered nanoparticles will critically expand our ability to manipulate and control such supramolecular systems.Colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC), in which chronic inflammation is a well-recognized carcinogen, requires concurrent anti-inflammation and antitumor treatments in the clinic. Herein, we report polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated (PEGylated) ultrasmall rhodium nanodots (Rh-PEG NDs) can serve as a metallic nanozyme with reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) scavenging properties as well as photothermal activities for anti-inflammation and antitumor theranostics in colon diseases. Benefiting from multienzyme activities against RONS, Rh-PEG NDs can decrease the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6), resulting in good anti-inflammatory effect on dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. By virtue of high photothermal conversion efficiency (48.9%), Rh-PEG NDs demonstrate complete ablation of CT-26 colon tumor without any recurrence. Most importantly, Rh-PEG NDs exhibit good biocompatibility both at the cellular and animal levels. Our findings provide a paradigm to utilize metallic nanozymes for the potential management of colon diseases.Although tremendous efforts have been devoted to the structural analysis and understanding of the toughness of latex films, in which soft elastomer microspheres are interpenetrated, a method to quantitatively analyze the mixing of polymer chains at the microsphere surface, i.e., delocalization of hydrophilic charged group on the polymer chains by aging, has not yet been established. In this study, small-angle X-ray scattering was applied to characterize latex films by assuming a pseudo-two-phase system, which consists of an average-electron density microsphere core and a high-electron density interphase between the microsphere interfaces due to localized charged groups. The thus obtained parameter, i.e., the characteristic interfacial thickness (tinter), quantitatively reflects the degree of mixing of polymer chains on the microsphere surface. We found that tinter is strongly correlated to the fracture energy of the latex films. The proposed analysis method for the microscopic mixing of polymers on the microsphere surface in the film can thus be expected to shed light on design guidelines for industrial latex films and on the understanding of the mechanical properties of such films.This paper reports on how the surface chemistry of boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond (BDD) thin-film electrodes (H vs. O) affects the wettability and electrochemical properties in two room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) [BMIM][PF¬6] and [HMIM][PF6]. Comparative measurements were made in 0.5 mol L-1 H2SO4. The BDD electrodes were modified by microwave or RF plasma treatment in H2 (H-BDD), Ar (Ar-BDD) or O2 (O-BDD). These modifications produced low, medium, and high oxygen surface coverages. Atomic O/C ratios, as determined by XPS, were 0.01 for H-BDD, 0.08 for Ar-BDD, and 0.17 for O-BDD. The static contact angle of ultrapure water on the modified electrodes decreased from 110 (H-BDD) to 41 (O-BDD) degrees with increasing surface oxygen coverage, as expected as the surface becomes more hydrophilic. Interestingly, the opposite trend was seen for both RTILs as the contact angle increased from 20 (H-BDD) to 50 (O-BDD) degrees with increasing surface oxygen coverage. The cyclic voltammetric background current and potential-dependent capacitance in both RTILs were largest for BDD electrodes with the lowest O/C ratio (H-BDD) and smallest contact angle. Slightly larger voltammetric background currents and capacitance were observed in [HMIM][PF6] than in [BMIM][PF6]. Capacitance values ranged from 8 - 16 μF cm 2 over the potential range for H-BDD and from 4 - 6 μF cm-2 for O-BDD. The opposite trend was observed in H2SO4 as the voltammetric background current and capacitance were largest for BDD electrodes with the highest O/C ratio (O-BDD) and the smallest contact angle. In summary, reducing the surface oxygen on BDD electrodes increases the wettability to two RTILs and this increases the voltammetric background current and capacitance.