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The RD-2 eyes were significantly more myopic than the controls and RD-1 eyes.

When the opacity of RD eyes is ≥25%, the visual acuity and contrast visual acuity decrease and straylight increases. Furthermore, myopia occurs as the refractive power of the lens increases. Moreover, visual function decline may be due to an increase in the straylight value, which is necessary for determining surgical indications.

When the opacity of RD eyes is ≥25%, the visual acuity and contrast visual acuity decrease and straylight increases. Furthermore, myopia occurs as the refractive power of the lens increases. Moreover, visual function decline may be due to an increase in the straylight value, which is necessary for determining surgical indications.

To assess the role of mitochondrial morphology and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mitochondrial fission factor (MFF) in dry eye and the underlying mechanisms.

Immortalized human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) and primary HCECs were cultured under high osmotic pressure (HOP). C57BL/6 female mice were injected subcutaneously with scopolamine. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure mRNA expression. Protein expression was assessed by western blot and immunofluorescence staining. Mitochondrial morphology was observed by confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.

First, HOP induced mitochondrial oxidative damage to HCECs, accompanied by mitochondrial fission and increased mitophagy. Then, AMPK/MFF pathway proteins were increased consequent to HOP-induced energy metabolism dysfunction. Interestingly, the AMPK pathway promoted mitochondrial fission and mitophagy by increasing the recruitment of dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) to the mitochondrial outer membranein dry eye and may provide experimental evidence for treating dry eye.

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of myopia among patients with primary angle closure disease (PACD) in rural China and their ocular biometric characteristics.

Study subjects were recruited from the Handan Eye Study. A/B-mode scan (Cine Scan, Quantel Medical, Cedex, France) was used to measure the axial length, anterior chamber depth (ACD), and lens thickness (LT). PACD was defined as the anterior chamber angle being considered closed when 180 degrees or more of the posterior pigmented trabecular meshwork were not visible on the gonioscopy. Myopia was defined as a spherical equivalent (SE) refractive error ≤-0.5 diopter (D). Persons who did not meet PACD definition were classified as the open-angle (OA) group.

The overall prevalence of myopia in persons with PACD was 13.7% (11.6% in primary angle closure suspect [PACS], 21.6% in primary angle closure [PAC], 62.5% in primary angle closure glaucoma [PACG]). The age-specific prevalence of myopia in PACD eyes was 41.7% at 30 to 39 years old, 12.3% at 40 to 49 years old, 8.7% at 50 to 59 years old, 10.7% at 60 to 69 years old, and 31.7% at age 70 years and over. PACD had shorter AL (22.2 ± 0.8 vs. 22.9 ± 0.9mm, P < 0.001), shallower ACD (2.3 ± 0.3 vs. 2.8 ± 0.4mm, P < 0.001), and greater LT (5.0 ± 0.5 vs. 4.7 ± 0.5mm, P < 0.001). PACD had even thicker lenses and deeper ACD with age than those with OA (all P ≤ 0.025) from 30 years to 70 years of age and over.

Myopia was common among persons with PACD who were less than 40 years of age in this rural Chinese population, and over half of those with PACG were myopic.

Myopia was common among persons with PACD who were less than 40 years of age in this rural Chinese population, and over half of those with PACG were myopic.

The Stroke of Known Cause and Underlying Atrial Fibrillation (STROKE AF) trial found that approximately 1 in 8 patients with recent ischemic stroke attributed to large- or small-vessel disease had poststroke atrial fibrillation (AF) detected by an insertable cardiac monitor (ICM) at 12 months. Identifying predictors of AF could be useful when considering an ICM in routine poststroke clinical care.

To determine the association between commonly assessed risk factors and poststroke detection of new AF in the STROKE AF cohort monitored by ICM.

This was a prespecified analysis of a randomized (11) clinical trial that enrolled patients between April 1, 2016, and July 12, 2019, with primary follow-up through 2020 and mean (SD) duration of 11.0 (3.0) months. Eligible patients were selected from 33 clinical research sites in the US. Patients had an index stroke attributed to large- or small-vessel disease and were 60 years or older or aged 50 to 59 years with at least 1 additional stroke risk factor. see more A total of ncreased risk of poststroke AF detection. These patients may benefit most from the use of ICMs as part of a secondary stroke prevention strategy. However, the study was not powered for clinical predictors of AF, and therefore, other clinical characteristics may not have reached statistical significance.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT02700945.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT02700945.

Wrinkles are the most visible sign in skin aging and for which many people seek different aesthetic procedures. Treatment options varies from invasive to non-invasive procedures. Combining platelet rich plasma and fractional carbon dioxide laser (CO

) has been used frequently for showing promising results in treating photoaged skin generally and wrinkles specifically since the microscopic thermal zones created by the fractional laser facilitates the delivery of the plasma into the dermis which aids the process of collagen induction and skin rejuvenation.

To compare and assess the clinical efficacy of fractional CO

laser alone versus combined fractional CO

laser and platelet rich plasma in treatment of facial rhytides (in terms of size, depth, and overall appearance).

Twenty-six female patients were selected and each face was split into 2 halves a control side (Laser + saline) and an experimental side (Laser + platelet rich plasma). Treatment plan was 1 laser session per month for a total of 4 sessions. Clinical objective evaluation was done by the Antera camera in addition to assessment by two blinded dermatologists.

The combined treatment was as effective in improving wrinkles as fractional CO

laser alone. Antera camera scores showed statistical significance in overall wrinkles measurements on each side equally.

Both treatment modalities gave optimum cosmetic results with no significant difference noticed when compared with each other, although overall satisfaction with wrinkles and skin were statistically greater than the initial satisfaction scores.

Both treatment modalities gave optimum cosmetic results with no significant difference noticed when compared with each other, although overall satisfaction with wrinkles and skin were statistically greater than the initial satisfaction scores.

More than 75% of US adults with diabetes do not meet treatment goals. More effective support from family and friends ("supporters") may improve diabetes management and outcomes.

To determine if the Caring Others Increasing Engagement in Patient Aligned Care Teams (CO-IMPACT) intervention improves patient activation, diabetes management, and outcomes compared with standard care.

This randomized clinical trial was conducted from November 2016 to August 2019 among participants recruited from 2 Veterans Health Administration primary care sites. All patient participants were adults aged 30 to 70 years with diabetes who had hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels greater than 8% of total hemoglobin (to convert to proportion of total hemoglobin, multiply by 0.01) or systolic blood pressure (SBP) higher than 150 mm Hg; each participating patient had an adult supporter. Of 1119 recruited, 239 patient-supporter dyads were enrolled between November 2016 and May 2018, randomized 11 to receive the CO-IMPACT intervention or st and satisfaction with health system support for the family supporter participants' involvement (intervention effect, 0.28 points; 95% CI, 0.07-0.49 points; P = .009); however, the 2 arms had similar improvements in HbA1c levels and in other measures.

In this randomized clinical trial, the CO-IMPACT intervention successfully engaged patient-supporter dyads and led to improved patient activation and self-efficacy. Physiological outcomes improved similarly in both arms. More intensive direct coaching of supporters, or targeting patients with less preexisting support or fewer diabetes management resources, may have greater impact.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT02328326.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT02328326.

Half of women who are postmenopausal have genitourinary discomfort after menopause. Recommended therapies include low-dose vaginal estrogen. Individuals with a history of breast cancer or venous thromboembolism may have concerns about the safety of this intervention.

To compare serum estrogen concentrations with the use of vaginal estrogen, 10 μg, tablet vs placebo in women who are postmenopausal.

This is a secondary, post hoc analysis of data from a randomized clinical trial of treatment for moderate to severe genitourinary syndrome in women who are postmenopausal. The study was conducted at Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute and the University of Minnesota from April 11, 2016, to April 23, 2017. Measurements and data analysis were performed from November 3, 2020, to September 23, 2022.

Participants were randomly assigned to vaginal estradiol tablet (10 μg/d for 2 weeks and then twice weekly) plus placebo gel (3 times weekly) or dual placebo for 12 weeks.

In this post hoc analysg treatment at estradiol levels lower than or equal to 2.7 pg/mL, 38.1% (8 of 21) in the estrogen group and 34.4% (11 of 32) in the placebo group had estradiol concentrations higher than 2.7 pg/mL after 12 weeks of study participation (P = .78). Treatment assignment was not associated with week 12 estrone or SHBG concentrations.

In this secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial, a significant, although small, increase in serum estradiol levels was noted after 12 weeks of vaginal estrogen administration. The clinical relevance of this small increase is uncertain.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT02516202.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT02516202.

Variation in attitudes between health care professionals involved in the counseling of parents facing extremely preterm birth (<24 wk gestational age) may lead to parental confusion and professional misalignment.

To explore the attitudes of health care professionals involved in the counseling of parents facing preterm birth on the treatment of extremely preterm infants.

This qualitative study used Q methods to explore the attitudes of neonatal nurses, neonatologists, midwives, and obstetricians involved in the care of extremely preterm infants in 4 UK National Health Service perinatal centers between February 10, 2020, and April 30, 2021. Each participating center had a tertiary level neonatal unit and maternity center. Individuals volunteered participation through choosing to complete the study following a presentation by researchers at each center. A link to the online Q study was emailed to all potential participants by local principal investigators. Participants ranked 53 statements about the treatment of extremely preterm infants in an online quasi-normal distribution grid from strongly agree (6) to strongly disagree (-6).