Hartsunesen4218
An inexpensive and new triphenylphosphine-based palladacycle has been developed as a pre-catalyst, leading to highly effective Stille cross-coupling reactions in water under mild reaction conditions. Only 500-1000 ppm of Pd suffices for couplings involving a variety of aryl/heteroaryl halides with aryl/hetaryl stannanes. Several drug intermediates can be prepared using this catalyst in aqueous nanoreactors formed by 2 wt % Brij-30 in water.
To study the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in pediatric onset Type 1 diabetes mellitus (TIDM) in the state of Kerala in India.
Diabetes specific HRQoL was determined in 107 subjects with onset of T1DM less than 21 years using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) 3.2 questionnaire of which 69 also completed the PedsQL 4.0 generic questionnaire. The parents of these patients completed the proxy scoring questionnaire. The generic HRQoL of T1DM was compared with control population without diabetes.
Mean age of onset of T1DM was 8.2 ± 4.6 years and mean duration was 8.2 ± 5.6 years. The median HbA1c was 8.7% (72 mmol/mol). Microvascular complications were present in 14.9% of the patients. The generic HRQoL was lower in patients with T1DM compared to peers without diabetes (77.43 vs. 87.45; p < 0.001). Parents reported lower scores in diabetes management, treatment barriers, physical functioning and generic scales compared to patients. Parents reported greater worry about the disease with lesser age of onset of diabetes and with presence of complications. Those using insulin vials and on splitmix regimen had lower HRQoL compared to those using insulin pens. The patients belonging to lower socioeconomic status (SES) reported lower diabetes scores (73.7 vs. 58.7; p = 0.015).
The generic HRQoL was lower in children with T1DM compared to peers without diabetes. Parents and children had different perception about HRQoL in many aspects. The diabetes specific scores were lower in those belonging to lower SES.
The generic HRQoL was lower in children with T1DM compared to peers without diabetes. Parents and children had different perception about HRQoL in many aspects. The diabetes specific scores were lower in those belonging to lower SES.
When patients have saved tooth fragments in case of crown fractures, reattachment is considered as the treatment of choice. With respect to the need to provide clinical outcome data regarding adhesively reattached fragments, the aim of this practice-based clinical study was to evaluate the survival of reattached fragments after crown fractures in permanent teeth.
Records from patients treated at Ludwig-Maximilians-University between 2004 and 2017 were analyzed to collect clinical and radiographic data regarding the management of fractured teeth that were treated with an adhesive reattachment. The study population consisted of 109 patients comprising 135 reattached fragments divided into uncomplicated (N=84/135) and complicated (N=51/135) crown fractures. The Kaplan-Meier Survival estimator was used to estimate the survival probability of primary reattachments after uncomplicated and complicated crown fractures.
Overall, 77.4% (N=65/84) and 66.6% (N=34/51) of the primarily applied reattachments in uncomplicated fractured teeth and complicated fractured teeth, respectively, survived over the period of observation. The survival rate for adhesive reattachment in all teeth was 84.4% (N=114/135) after 608.2days (±983.1days). The data further suggest that in the case of a detachment, repeated reattachment might be a valuable restoration strategy.
Adhesive reattachment is a good first-choice treatment option in cases of crown fractures when the fractured fragment has been saved.
Adhesive reattachment is a good first-choice treatment option in cases of crown fractures when the fractured fragment has been saved.
Epilepsy develops in 70 to 90% of children with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) and is often resistant to medication. Recently, the concept of preventive antiepileptic treatment to modify the natural history of epilepsy has been proposed. EPISTOP was a clinical trial designed to compare preventive versus conventional antiepileptic treatment in TSC infants.
In this multicenter study, 94 infants with TSC without seizure history were followed with monthly video electroencephalography (EEG), and received vigabatrin either as conventional antiepileptic treatment, started after the first electrographic or clinical seizure, or preventively when epileptiform EEG activity before seizures was detected. At 6 sites, subjects were randomly allocated to treatment in a 11 ratio in a randomized controlled trial (RCT). At 4 sites, treatment allocation was fixed; this was denoted an open-label trial (OLT). Subjects were followed until 2 years of age. The primary endpoint was the time to first clinical seizure.
In 54 subjects, epileptiform EEG abnormalities were identified before seizures. Twenty-seven were included in the RCT and 27 in the OLT. The time to the first clinical seizure was significantly longer with preventive than conventional treatment [RCT 364 days (95% confidence interval [CI] = 223-535) vs 124 days (95% CI = 33-149); OLT 426 days (95% CI = 258-628) vs 106 days (95% CI = 11-149)]. At 24 months, our pooled analysis showed preventive treatment reduced the risk of clinical seizures (odds ratio [OR] = 0.21, p = 0.032), drug-resistant epilepsy (OR = 0.23, p = 0.022), and infantile spasms (OR = 0, p < 0.001). No adverse events related to preventive treatment were noted.
Preventive treatment with vigabatrin was safe and modified the natural history of seizures in TSC, reducing the risk and severity of epilepsy. ANN NEUROL 2021;89304-314.
Preventive treatment with vigabatrin was safe and modified the natural history of seizures in TSC, reducing the risk and severity of epilepsy. ANN NEUROL 2021;89304-314.Polymeric materials possessing both high refractive indices and high Abbe numbers are much in demand for the development of advanced optical devices. However, the synthesis of such functional materials is a challenge because of the trade-off between these two properties. selleck inhibitor Herein, a synthetic strategy is presented for enhancing the optical properties of CO2 -based polycarbonates by modifying the polymer's topological structure. Terpolymers with thiocarbonate and carbonate units randomly distributed in the polymers' main chain were synthesized via the terpolymerization of cyclohexene oxide with a mixture of CO2 and COS in the presence of metal catalysts, most notably a dinuclear aluminum complex. DFT calculations were employed to explain why different structural sequence were obtained with distinct bimetallic catalysts. Varying the CO2 pressure made it possible to obtain terpolymers with tunable carbonate linkages in the polymer chain. More importantly, optical property studies revealed that terpolymers with comparable thiocarbonate and carbonate units exhibited a refractive index of 1.
