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Further, we apply this method to analyze the data from a cardiovascular clinical trial as an illustration.High sucrose can induce tau hyperphosphorylation and cognitive dysfunction/memory impairment as observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Rutaecarpine, a specific (transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 [TRPV1]) agonist, is neuroprotective against high sucrose diet-induced impairment, but detailed mechanisms are still elusive. In this study, we investigated whether rutaecarpine mitigates high sucrose diet-induced pathological alterations and cognitive in AD-like mice. Mice were administered fodder containing 0.01% rutaecarpine and 20% sucrose solution. Our results showed that rutaecarpine significantly attenuated high sucrose diet-induced spatial memory impairment and enhanced synaptic plasticity; rutaecarpine prevented high sucrose diet-induced tau hyperphosphorylation by decreasing glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) activity; activation of GSK-3β reversed the protective effect of rutaecarpine on learning and memory deficits, synaptic plasticity, and tau hyperphosphorylation induced by high-glucose diet significantly, suggesting that GSK-3β activation is required for high glucose-induced tau hyperphosphorylation. These results demonstrated that rutaecarpine can mitigate high sucrose diet-induced hyperphosphorylation of AD-associated tau protein and cognitive impairment by inhibiting GSK-3β, which supported that dietary rutaecarpine might have a promising use for therapeutic intervention of AD.Long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) are transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides that are transcribed from non-coding loci yet undergo biosynthesis similar to coding mRNAs. The disproportional number of lincRNAs expressed in testes suggests that lincRNAs are important during gametogenesis, but experimental evidence has implicated very few lincRNAs in this process. We took advantage of the relatively limited number of lincRNAs in the genome of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to systematically analyse the functions of lincRNAs during meiosis. We deleted six lincRNA genes that are highly and dynamically expressed in the C. Inhibitor Library manufacturer elegans gonad and tested the effects on central meiotic processes. Surprisingly, whereas the lincRNA deletions did not strongly impact fertility, germline apoptosis, crossovers, or synapsis, linc-4 was required for somatic growth. Slower growth was observed in linc-4-deletion mutants and in worms depleted of linc-4 using RNAi, indicating that linc-4 transcripts are required for this post-embryonic process. Unexpectedly, analysis of worms depleted of linc-4 in soma versus germline showed that the somatic role stems from linc-4 expression in germline cells. This unique feature suggests that some lincRNAs, like some small non-coding RNAs, are required for germ-soma interactions.The present study adopted the retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF) effect to determine whether semantic representation might favour the enactment effect, in which noun-verb phrases are remembered better by enacting during learning (subject-performed tasks, SPTs) than by studying verbally (verbal tasks, VTs). Experiment 1 controlled the semantic category to investigate the RIF effect in SPT vs. VT conditions. The RIF effect was similar irrespective of the mode of encoding (SPT vs.VT), indicating that semantic representation was not the main factor for favouring the enactment effect. Furthermore, Experiment 2 added motor physical properties to simultaneously control the semantic category and one category by motor features. The results of Experiment 2 showed stronger cooperative representation of semantic and motor information under the VT condition, indicating that the processing of action memory may be conceptual.In spite of the high HIV burden and high prevalence and incidence of HIV infection among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in South Africa, uptake of HIV testing in this population falls short of the UNIADS 90-90-90 targets, leading to late diagnosis, late entry into HIV care and treatment, and poor uptake of prevention services. There is a critical need to update and deepen our understanding of attitudes towards testing in this population, in order to appropriately respond to their specific needs. This article reports on findings from an exploration of perceptions of HIV testing and testing behaviour amongst AGYW in South Africa using a combination of quantitative and qualitative data. Analysis included data on testing behaviour and reasons for never testing from a survey conducted with 4 399 AGYW aged 15-24 years in six provinces. Combined with survey data is qualitative analysis from 63 in-depth interviews and 24 focus group discussions with 237 AGYW from five provinces. Findings revealed complex, dualistic and often contradictory views towards HIV testing in this population, with fear of HIV and the consequences of testing positive existing alongside a lack of concern towards HIV infection because of the availability and accessibility of antiretrovirals. These findings can help to address barriers to HIV testing in this population and ensure appropriateness of future interventions and HIV messaging.Over-integration of HIV-related trauma into the client's memory in a negative emotional valence could be a serious health debilitating process which may result in negative post-traumatic health outcomes, affecting health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of people living with HIV (PLWH). We hypothesized that post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms are the mediating link between negative event centrality (NEC) and HRQoL among PLWH. Nine hundred and sixty-nine PLWH in Nigeria completed measures of NEC, PTSD symptoms and HRQoL. Model 4 of Hayes' regression-based PROCESS macro version 3.0 for SPSS was employed to investigate relationships between variables of interest. NEC was positively associated with all domains of HRQoL. PLWH who had high negatively centralized identity on HIV also had high scores on PTSD symptoms. PTSD symptoms were also positively associated with all domains of HRQoL. PTSD symptoms also mediated the relationship between NEC and all domains of HRQoL. Assessing and treating PTSD symptoms among PLWH by clinicians could be helpful in enhancing HRQoL.