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nt of tooth, and also results in anchorage loss. So, orthodontists should always take care while prescribing mouthwashes to reduce their effects on the friction.

During sliding mechanism, the frictional resistance between orthodontic archwire and brackets imposes problems, such as lessening the applied force and movement of tooth, and also results in anchorage loss. So, orthodontists should always take care while prescribing mouthwashes to reduce their effects on the friction.

This study sought to examine the effectiveness of hybrid learning utilizing WhatsApp as an adjunct to traditional learning in delivering knowledge to and supporting the learning of undergraduate dental students and investigate learner perceptions of WhatsApp use in educational contexts.

The 3-month prospective analytical interventional study sampled 85 undergraduate students from the Department of Preventive Dental Sciences. A WhatsApp group was created, information was sent to the male and female groups, and a written assignment was used as a performance benchmark of knowledge acquisition and application. Perceptions of e-learning through WhatsApp were assessed using a previously validated and published questionnaire. Collected data underwent descriptive and bivariate analyses (unpaired

-test).

The average assignment scores of the 85 hybrid learners were statistically significantly higher than those of traditional learners from the previous academic year (34 ± 1 vs 26 ± 3;

< 0.05, respectively)s a convenient new teaching tool.

The results of this study may be applicable to other clinical dental disciplines.

The results of this study may be applicable to other clinical dental disciplines.

To assess the application of clotrimazole (1%) as a complementary antifungal agent along with sodium hypochlorite (5.25%), chlorhexidine gluconate (2%), and doxycycline hydrochloride (5%) against

.

Seventy freshly extracted single-rooted premolars with matured apices were collected, stored, and handled according to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines and recommendations. These were divided into three groups (two tests and one control group) depending on irrigants used. The efficacy of each irrigant group was compared. The observations were statistically analyzed by the multiple intergroup comparisons using ANOVA and Scheffe multiple comparisons (

< 0.001).

The sodium hypochlorite (group IA-mean 129.6) has shown a statistically significant decrease in colony-forming units (CFUs) (

< 0.01) on comparison with chlorhexidine [(IB) mean 190.2]. A similar result was obtained in comparison with the sodium hypochlcy of the various endodontic irrigants and also determined their efficiency with the addition of the antifungal agent. click here Clotrimazole (1%) addition in irrigating solutions showed better results and promoted faster healing.

To evaluate the caries preventive and antibacterial effects of Gum Arabic and Licorice mouthwashes vs chlorhexidine in high caries-risk patients. The prevalence of oral side effects from using the mouthwashes was also assessed.

Total 63 participants categorized as high caries-risk according to the CAMBRA caries-risk model were recruited. They were randomly allocated to three groups (

= 21) according to the mouthwash used G1 (Gum Arabic), G2 (Licorice), and G3 (Chlorhexidine). Baseline DMF scores and saliva samples were obtained. DMF scores, salivary

(SM) and

(LA) counts, and any reported oral side effects were recorded after 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. The obtained results were subjected to the statistical analysis and the significance level was set at

≤ 0.05.

Regarding DMF scores, no statistically significant difference was found between the three groups at baseline, after 3, 6, and 9 months. After 12 months, a statistically significant difference was found between G3 and each of G1 and G2 wheremical agents as chlorhexidine, providing effective caries control and safe long-term use.

Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) occurs when the force applied to the tooth stimulates inflammation and alveolar bone remodeling. Less friction is produced by passive self-ligating (PSL) brackets compared to pre-adjusted edgewise (PE) brackets; therefore, PSL bracket use is thought to result in less pain than the use of PE brackets. The neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), isolated from gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), can be used as a pain biomarker for OTM. Pain perception can be subjectively evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS). This study aimed to analyze pain perception, using the VAS and CGRP levels, and to examine the correlation between VAS scores and CGRP levels.

A total of 15 patients were included in this study (a PSL group, a PE group, and a control group). GCF was collected from the lower anterior teeth, at interproximal sites, before bracket insertion and 2 hours, 24 hours, and 168 hours after lower archwire engagement. Pain perception was recorded using the VAS. CGRP concentrations were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

The VAS scores of the PE and PSL groups increased 2 hours after archwire engagement, peaked after 24 hours, and returned to baseline after 168 hours, and the PE group had high scores than the PSL group, with the highest score being recorded at the 24 hour time point. CGRP concentrations were also the highest at the 24 hour time point compared to the other time points.

These results showed that both the VAS score and the CGRP concentration increased during initial orthodontic tooth alignment when using either the PSL or the PE bracket systems. Pain perception scores and CGRP concentrations were weakly positively correlated.

The type of bracket system used influenced the patients' pain perception scores and the release of CGRP.

The type of bracket system used influenced the patients' pain perception scores and the release of CGRP.

The study aimed to determine the efficacy of adding a 12% hydrogen peroxide dry hydrogen peroxide vapor fogger system as an additional layer of infection control in a dental surgery.

A total number of agar plates from the five locations were used during the treatment of the 22 patients (

= 440). During the treatment of each patient, four agar plates (

= 4) were used per location [location 1 X-ray, location 2 the dental arm, location 3 left side desk, location 4 under the foot of the dental chair, location 5 ri ght side desk and (

= 20 for the five locations per patient)]. The control agar plates were incubated after the treatment of the patient was completed period. The test agar plate groups were sprayed with a 70% isopropanol surface disinfectant, or received exposure to an automated 12% hydrogen peroxide fog, or a 70% isopropanol surface disinfectant spray immediately followed by exposure to the automated 12% hydrogen peroxide.

One-way ANOVA and Scheffé's method identified significant differences (

< 0.