Tangemclamb6179
Infection by Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli is a common cause of diarrhea in animals. The development of vaccines against enterotoxins can effectively control the infection. We have previously constructed a recombinant antigen SLS fused by STa, LTB and STb enterotoxin and it showed a high immunogenicity in mice. Herein, we evaluated the expression of SLS in three different E. coli cells with corresponding plasmids. SLS proteins expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) and Rosetta-gami B (DE3) were aggregated as inclusion bodies, and the proteins solubility were not obviously promoted in low temperature combined with adjustment of inducer concentration. In contrast, SLS protein with maltose-binding protein (MBP) yielded from TB1 (DE3) cells were partially soluble. After increasing the IPTG concentration in the medium up to 2 mM and incubating at 37 ℃ for 4 h, the soluble protein yield reached the highest level (4.533 mg/0.2 L culture), which was significantly higher than the expression of SLS protein in Rosetta-gami B (DE3) (P less then 0.05). Therefore, the TB1-pMAL expression system can be used for mass extraction and purification of SLS antigen prior to measuring its immunogenicity in pregnant mammals.In this brief article, we celebrate the life and numerous scientific achievements of Dr. Albert de la Chapelle, a pioneer in the fields of human genetics and cytogenetics.
The promoting roles of cyclin dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) have been revealed in various tumors, however, its effects in the progression of cancer stem cells are still confusing. This work aims to explore the roles of CDK1 in regulating the stemness of lung cancer cells.
Online dataset analysis was performed to evaluate the correlation between CDK1 exression and the survival of lung cancer patients. RT-qPCR, western blot, cell viability, sphere-formation analysis and ALDH activity detection were used to investigate the roles of CDK1 on lung cancer cell stemness, viability and chemotherapeutic sensitivity. Immunocoprecipitation (Co-IP) analysis and rescuing experiments were performed to reveal the underlying mechanisms contributing to CDK1-mediated effects on lung cancer cell stemness.
CDK1 mRNA expression was negatively correlated with the overall survival of lung cancer patients and remarkably increased in tumor spheres formed by lung cancer cells compared to the parental cells. Additionally, CDK1 positively regulated the stemness of lung cancer cells. Mechanistically, CDK1 could interact with Sox2 protein, but not other stemness markers (Oct4, Nanog and CD133). Furthermore, CDK1 increased the phosphorylation, cytoplasm-nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity of Sox2 protein in lung cancer cells. Moreover, CDK1 positively regulated the stemness of lung cancer cells in a Sox2-dependent manner. Finally, we revealed that inhibition of CDK1 enhanced the chemotherapeutic sensitivity, which was also rescued by Sox2 overexpression.
This work reveals a novel CDK1/Sox2 axis responsible for maintaining the stemness of lung cancer cells.
This work reveals a novel CDK1/Sox2 axis responsible for maintaining the stemness of lung cancer cells.
(1) To assess the in vitro activity of Artemisia cina against Haemonchus contortus L
(HcL
) and in transitional (L
-L
) larvae (HcTrL
-L
); (2) to quantify the relative expression of the Hc29 gene in HcTrL
-L
exposed to the A. cina n-hexane extract; and (3) to assess the anthelmintic activity (AA) of the A. cina organic extracts in gerbils artificially infected with H. contortus (HcArt/inf/gerbs).
The in vitro assay was carried out in 96-well microtitration plates. The following A. cina extracts ethyl acetate (Ac-EtOAcEx), n-hexane (Ac-n-HexEx), and methanol (Ac-MethEx) were assessed at 1 and 2mg/mL against HcL
and HcTrL
-L
at 24h exposure. Relative expression of the Hc29 gene in HcTrL
-L
was obtained by RT-PCR. For assessing the AA, six groups of five HcArt/inf/gerbs were used. Groups were treated orally with 4mg/kg BW of A. cina extracts. Five days after treatment, the gerbils were necropsied and nematodes counted.
The highest in vitro activities (75 and 82.6%) were shown by Ac-n-HexEx at 1 and 2mg/mL, respectively. For HcTrL
-L
the highest in vitro activities (69 and 23%) were shown by Ac-n-HexEx and isoguaiacine at 0.625mg/mL, respectively. Glycochenodeoxycholic acid Also, upregulation of H. contortus Hc29 gene by 13- and 80-fold (p < 0.01) was observed on the HcTrL
-L
stage after exposure to Ac-n-HexEx extract and isoguaiacine at 0.078mg/mL, respectively. Reduction percentage was 100% in HcArt/inf/gerbs treated with Ac-n-HexEx.
We conclude that the Ac-n-HexEx and isoguaiacine compound had anthelmintic efficacy against H. contortus and L
and HcTrL
-L
.
We conclude that the Ac-n-HexEx and isoguaiacine compound had anthelmintic efficacy against H. contortus and L3 and HcTrL3-L4.
The main objective of this study was to assess the gastrointestinal parasitism in relation with the worm control practices (WCP) in dairy cattle in areas of major importance for dairy/milk production of Cameroon.
Fresh fecal samples were randomly collected from 402 cattle from August to October 2016 in North West Cameroon, and analyze using the McMaster technique. Data on WCP were collected using a questionnaire.
A total of 11 parasites species were identified Trichostrongylus sp. (5.97%); Oesophagostomum sp. (5.47%); Haemonchus sp. (2.48%); Bonostomum sp. (1.74); Cooperia sp. (1.49%). Toxocara sp (0.24%); Ostertagia sp. (0.50%); Nematodirus sp. (0.74%); Trichuris sp. (0.50%); Moniezia sp. (0.50%); Eimeria sp. (0.50%). The mean individual parasite load for helminthes and protozoa ranged from 100 to 400 eggs per gram of feces (epg) and 333-400 oocysts per gram of feces (opg), respectively. Most farmers (95.12%) used conventional drugs (Albendazole, Doramectin, Fenbendazole, Ivermectin.) to deworm animalss use conventional drugs, it is imperative for them to appropriately use these conventional drugs for a better control of GIP on their farms.Issues of model selection have dominated the theoretical and applied statistical literature for decades. Model selection methods such as ridge regression, the lasso, and the elastic net have replaced ad hoc methods such as stepwise regression as a means of model selection. In the end, however, these methods lead to a single final model that is often taken to be the model considered ahead of time, thus ignoring the uncertainty inherent in the search for a final model. One method that has enjoyed a long history of theoretical developments and substantive applications, and that accounts directly for uncertainty in model selection, is Bayesian model averaging (BMA). BMA addresses the problem of model selection by not selecting a final model, but rather by averaging over a space of possible models that could have generated the data. The purpose of this paper is to provide a detailed and up-to-date review of BMA with a focus on its foundations in Bayesian decision theory and Bayesian predictive modeling. We consider the selection of parameter and model priors as well as methods for evaluating predictions based on BMA.
