Beringschmidt8940

In global georeferenced germplasm, allelic variation at the major inflorescence QTL is geographically patterned but only weakly associated with the gradient of annual precipitation. Comparison of NAM with diversity panel association suggests that naive association models may capture some true associations not identified by mixed linear models. Overall, the findings suggest that global inflorescence diversity in sorghum is largely controlled by oligogenic, epistatic, and pleiotropic variation in ancestral regulatory networks. The findings also provide a basis for genomics-enabled breeding of locally-adapted inflorescence morphology. Copyright © The Author(s) 2020. Published by the Genetics Society of America.Leptopilina boulardi (Hymenoptera Figitidae) is a specialist parasitoid of Drosophila The Drosophila-Leptopilina system has emerged as a suitable model for understanding several aspects of host-parasitoid biology. However, a good quality genome of the wasp counterpart was lacking. Here, we report a whole-genome assembly of L. boulardi to bring it in the scope of the applied and fundamental research on Drosophila parasitoids with access to epigenomics and genome editing tools. The 375Mb draft genome has an N50 of 275Kb with 6315 scaffolds >500bp and encompasses >95% complete BUSCOs. Using a combination of ab-initio and RNA-Seq based methods, 25259 protein-coding genes were predicted and 90% (22729) of them could be annotated with at least one function. We demonstrate the quality of the assembled genome by recapitulating the phylogenetic relationship of L. boulardi with other Hymenopterans. The key developmental regulators like Hox genes and sex determination genes are well conserved in L. boulardi, and so is the basic toolkit for epigenetic regulation. The search for epigenetic regulators has also revealed that L. boulardi genome possesses DNMT1 (maintenance DNA methyltransferase), DNMT2 (tRNA methyltransferase) but lacks the de novo DNA methyltransferase (DNMT3). Also, the heterochromatin protein 1 family appears to have expanded as compared to other hymenopterans. The draft genome of L. boulardi (Lb17) will expedite the research on Drosophila parasitoids. RU58841 mw This genome resource and early indication of epigenetic aspects in its specialization make it an interesting system to address a variety of questions on host-parasitoid biology. Copyright © The Author(s) 2020. Published by the Genetics Society of America.The physical connections established by recombination are normally sufficient to ensure proper chromosome segregation during female Meiosis I. However, nonexchange chromosomes (such as the Muller F element or "dot" chromosome in D. melanogaster) can still segregate accurately because they remain connected by heterochromatic tethers. A recent study examined female meiosis in the closely related species D. melanogaster and D. simulans, and found a nearly two-fold difference in the mean distance the obligately nonexchange dot chromosomes were separated during Prometaphase. That study proposed two speculative hypotheses for this difference, the first being the amount of heterochromatin in each species, and the second being the species' differing tolerance for common inversions in natural populations. We tested these hypotheses by examining female meiosis in 12 additional Drosophila species. While neither hypothesis had significant support, we did see 10-fold variation in dot chromosome sizes, and 5-fold variation in the frequency of chromosomes out on the spindle, which were both significantly correlated with chromosome separation distances. In addition to demonstrating that heterochromatin abundance changes chromosome behavior, this implies that the duration of Prometaphase chromosome movements must be proportional to the size of the F element in these species. Additionally, we examined D. willistoni, a species that lacks a free dot chromosome. We observed that chromosomes still move out on the meiotic spindle, and the F element was always positioned closest to the spindle poles. This result is consistent with models where one role of the dot chromosomes is to help organize the meiotic spindle. Copyright © The Author(s) 2020. Published by the Genetics Society of America.Several techniques have been developed to study specific gene function in loss of function situations. In Drosophila melanogaster, RNAi and the generation of mutant clones are widely used. However, both techniques have the limitation that there is a significant time lag before gene function is abolished. Given the relatively rapid development of Drosophila, such perdurance is a serious impediment to study gene function. Here we describe the adaptation of the anchor-away technique for use in Drosophila Anchor-away was originally developed in yeast to quickly and efficiently abrogate the function of nuclear proteins by sequestering - anchoring - them away in a different cellular compartment. The required components are present in the cells, and the system is triggered by the addition of rapamycin, resulting in a rapid generation of a loss-of-function situation. We provide here proof of principle for the system by producing loss-of-function situations for two nuclear proteins - Pygopus and Brinker. The system allows to study the requirement of any protein during any time window, and at the same time circumvents difficulties, such as off-target effects or variable phenotypes, which are inherent in other techniques, for example RNAi. Copyright © The Author(s) 2020. Published by the Genetics Society of America.There is no definite reperfusion time for inferior ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients presenting later than 12 hours after symptom onset and complicated by newly-developed atrioventricular block (AVB). It is not clear whether the percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) could facilitate the recovery of AVB in this patient group. We conducted a retrospective study including 52 consecutive inferior STEMI patients with presenting time >12 hours and new onset second or third-degree AVB on admission. All of them underwent PCI. The clinical characteristics, time to PCI and time to AVB improvement after symptom onset were studied. There were 42 males and the mean age was 61±10 years. Median presenting time from symptom onset was 36 hours (ranging 13-192 hours). Median time to PCI was 6.0 days (ranging 1-15 days) and median time of AVB improvement from symptom onset was 5.0 days (ranging 1-15 days). 24 patients got improvement of atrioventricular conduction before PCI procedure (defined as preoperative group) while 28 patients got improvement of atrioventricular conduction after PCI procedure (defined as postoperative group).