Pridgenholm3949

The glucose-fructose oxidoreductase domain containing gene family (GFOD) is small and contains only two members in human (GFOD1 and GFOD2). Information about its function is scarce. As the name implies the proteins contain an enzyme-defining domain, however, if this is functional and has enzymatic activity remains to be shown. Remdesivir A single nucleotide polymorphism situated in an intron of GFOD1 was found to be associated with inattentive symptomology in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Further, in a large schizophrenia genome-wide association study the GFOD2 locus was found to be associated with the psychiatric condition. Until now, however, it is unclear what specific functions are associated with the two GFOD-family members, if they might be involved in neurodevelopment and how this may relate to the development of psychiatric disorders. In order to gain first insights into the hypothesis that GFOD-family members are involved in brain development and/or function we performed RNA in situ hybridization on zebrafish (Danio rerio) tissues at different developmental stages. We found that both family members are expressed in the central nervous system at embryonic, larvae and adult stages. We were able to define subtle differences of expression of the two gfod genes and we showed that a subset of GABAergic neurons express gfod1. Taken together, we conclude that both gfod gene family members are expressed in overlapping as well as in distinct regions in the zebrafish central nervous system. Our data suggest that gfod1 and gfod2 are relevant both for the developing and adult zebrafish brain. This study paves the way for further functional analyses of this yet unexplored gene family. BACKGROUND Given that both insufficient and excess maternal iodine have adverse consequences such as poor cognitive performance, delayed physical development and increased fetal and infant mortality, the determination of maternal iodine status is very important. In this study, we established and verified a method involving inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) technology for the rapid determination of the amniotic fluid iodine concentration (AFIC), breast milk iodine concentration (BMIC) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) iodine concentration (CSFIC). METHOD Amniotic fluid, breast milk and CSF were collected from residual samples at Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH). The linearity, detection limit, precision, recovery, carryover and matrix effect of the testing method using ICP-MS technology were thoroughly evaluated according to the EP-10-A2 evaluation protocol approved by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Furthermore, we evaluated the AFIC, BMIC and CSFIC distributions among clinical patients from PUMCH. RESULTS The correlation coefficient (r) was higher than 0.99 (0.995-1.000). The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.233 µg/L, and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.778 µg/L. For amniotic fluid, breast milk and CSF, the assay repeatabilities were 1.5%-1.8%, 1.9%-4.0% and 1.8%-4.0%, respectively, and the within-laboratory coefficient of variations (CV%) over five days were 3.3%-9.2%, 7.2%-8.0% and 3.2%-7.8%, respectively. The recovery rates ranged from 97.7% to 109.8%. Moreover, the median concentrations of iodine in the amniotic fluid, breast milk and CSF of the patients from PUMCH were 176.3 µg/L, 136.0 µg/L, and 81.8 µg/L, respectively. CONCLUSION A rapid, stable and accurate method that incorporates ICP-MS technology for the determination of iodine concentration was established for amniotic fluid, breast milk and CSF in this study. OBJECTIVES Study the early postoperative course of sperm parameters after antegrade sclerotherapy (AS) of clinical left varicocele (CLV) in men consulting for infertility with sperm disruption, and to validate the efficacy and safety of treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Monocentric retrospective observational study of men with CLV, consultant in medically assisted procreation center for primary or secondary infertility of the couple. All patients were operated by SA via scrotal approach. After clinical and ultrasound checks at 6 weeks, a control spermogram was performed at 3-6 months of surgery. The following parameters were analyzed sperm count, motility, percent of normal form, and total number of motile sperm ("total motile sperm count" [TMSC]). RESULTS The study involved 138 men (median age 33 years) with sperm alteration. All patients benefited from AS of their CLV. No Clavian complication > 1 was observed. Postoperative control demonstrated a significant improvement in all spermogram parameters, with a median progression of 40% of the count (55 vs 32×106), 80% of the concentration (20.3 vs 11.1×106/ml), 30% of the motility (34.7% vs 26.5%), 60% of the normal form percentage (4.0 vs 2.5%) and the 75% TMSC (41.5 vs 23%), 7×106) (p less then 0.005). CONCLUSIONS SA is an effective and safe technique for treating CLV and improving sperm parameters fertility indicators. Our results suggest that this treatment may be recommended to infertile men with CLV in the management of infertility of the couple. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3. INTRODUCTION European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) mortality results were reported for 7 European countries (excluding France) and showed a significant reduction in Prostate cancer (PCa) mortality. As those results have not been part of the global ERSPC results, it is of interest to report PCa mortality at a median follow-up of 9 years for French section of ERSPC. MATERIAL AND METHODS Two administrative departments were involved in the study. Only men after randomization in the screening group were invited by mail to be screened by PSA testing with two rounds at 4-6 year intervals. Biopsy was recommended if PSA>=3.0 ng/mL. No information other that the French Association of Urology recommandations on the use of PSA was offered to the control group (own decision of physicians and patients). Follow up was based on cancer registry database. Contamination defined as the receipt of PSA testing in control arm was measured. Poisson regression models were used to estimate the Rate Ratio (RR) of PCa mortality and incidence in the screening vs.