Flowerskristoffersen9905

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated during physiological bouts of synaptic activity and as a consequence of pathological conditions in the central nervous system. How neurons respond to and distinguish between ROS in these different contexts is currently unknown. In Drosophila mutants with enhanced JNK activity, lower levels of ROS are observed and these animals are resistant to both changes in ROS and changes in synapse morphology induced by oxidative stress. In wild type flies, disrupting JNK-AP-1 signalling perturbs redox homeostasis suggesting JNK activity positively regulates neuronal antioxidant defense. We validated this hypothesis in mammalian neurons, finding that JNK activity regulates the expression of the antioxidant gene Srxn-1, in a c-Jun dependent manner. We describe a conserved 'adaptive' role for neuronal JNK in the maintenance of redox homeostasis that is relevant to several neurodegenerative diseases.Ischemic stroke is associated with a surge in reactive oxygen species generation during reperfusion. The narrow therapeutic window for the delivery of intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular thrombectomy limits therapeutic options for patients. Thus, understanding the mechanisms regulating neurovascular redox defenses are key for improved clinical translation. Our previous studies in a rodent model of ischemic stroke established that activation of Nrf2 defense enzymes by pretreatment with sulforaphane (SFN) affords protection against neurovascular and neurological deficits. We here further investigate SFN mediated protection in mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells (bEnd.3) adapted long-term (5 days) to hyperoxic (18 kPa) and normoxic (5 kPa) O2 levels. Using an O2-sensitive phosphorescent nanoparticle probe, we measured an intracellular O2 level of 3.4 ± 0.1 kPa in bEnd 3 cells cultured under 5 kPa O2. Induction of HO-1 and GCLM by SFN (2.5 μM) was significantly attenuated in cells adapted to 5 kPa Oisease will require in vitro studies conducted under well-defined O2 levels.

The number of people aged 60 and above will rise from 46 million in 2015 to 157 in 2050 million, exceeding 30% of the population in many western countries. #link# Consequently, selleck kinase inhibitor for oncological therapy for elderly patients will increase within the next decades. Currently, sufficient data on neoadjuvant therapy (NTx) of pancreatic cancer in elderly patients are lacking.

Data of a multinational, retrospective database were screened for patients having received preoperative FOLFIRINOX (FFx) or Gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel (GNP) for locally advanced and borderline resectable pancreatic cancer (LAPC/BRPC) before June 2017. Data were included in an intention-to-treat-analysis and outcomes were compared between non-aged and elderly patients using a cut-off age of 63 (comparison 1) and 70 years (comparison 2).

Of 165 patients receiving NTx, 76 and 33 were older than 63 and 70 years. Baseline characteristics revealed that elderly patients preferably undergo GNP (comparison 1 p = 0.063; comparison2 p = 0.005), with less cycles of NTx (comparison 1 p = 0.057). Whereas reductions of NTx dosage was more common in elderly patients in comparison 1 (p = 0.003), resection rates (p = 0.575; p = 1.000) and median survival (p = 0.406; p = 0.499) were not different. Whereas resected patients showed no differences in survival (p = 0.328; p = 0.132), patients aged >70 years showed a decreased progression-free survival (p = 0.019).

Elderly patients treated with NTx show encouragingly high resection rates. If comorbidities allow for FFx or GNP, elderly patients with LAPC/BRPC can offered NTx with the prospect of survival comparable to younger patients.

Elderly patients treated with NTx show encouragingly high resection rates. If comorbidities allow for FFx or GNP, elderly patients with LAPC/BRPC can offered NTx with the prospect of survival comparable to younger patients.

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) accounts for about 5% of soft tissue sarcomas. It can occur as sporadic diseases or can be associated with type 1 neurofibromatosis. MPNST is usually associated with poor prognosis, mostly due to their aggressive behavior, high metastatic potential, and resistance to chemotherapy. Our study aimed to determine treatment outcomes and associated prognostic factors in a large cohort of patients with MPNSTs treated at the reference sarcoma center.

239 consecutive patients (114 women and 125 men) diagnosed with MPNST between March 1998 and March 2018 who were treated with surgery with curative intent in the reference sarcoma center were included in the retrospective analysis.

The mean age at diagnosis was 51 years (range 15-86). 28 (11.7%) patients had neurofibromatosis type 1 associated tumors (NF1 positive). Median OS was 126.5 months and 5-year survival rate was 61.9% in the group treated with curative intent. Median DFS, LRFS and DMFS were 91.6, 126.5 and 12utcomes.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected people globally, and people with chronic diseases are suffering more in maintaining their mental and physical health.

This cross-sectional, case-control study assessed the anxiety level in people with epilepsy compared with the general population.

The results showed that 13.5% of patients had experienced a severe level of anxiety, but the mean anxiety level between groups did not show significant difference.

Although still many aspects of the pandemic on people with epilepsy are yet to be determined, active investigation of psychological sequels of the pandemic is demanded.

Although still many aspects of the pandemic on people with epilepsy are yet to be determined, active investigation of psychological sequels of the pandemic is demanded.

Idiopathic generalized epilepsies (IGE) are characterized by generalized interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) on a normal background electroencephalography (EEG). However, the yield of IEDs can be low. Approximately 20% of patients with IGE fail to achieve seizure control with antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment. Currently, there are no reliable prognostic markers for early identification of drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). We examined spectral power of the interictal EEG in patients with IGE and healthy controls, to identify potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of IGE.

A 64-channel EEG was recorded under standard conditions in patients with well-controlled IGE (WC-IGE, n = 19), drug-resistant IGE (DR-IGE, n = 18), and age-matched controls (n = 20). After preprocessing, fast Fourier transform was performed to obtain 1D frequency spectra for each EEG channel. The 1D spectra (averaged over channels) and 2D topographic maps (averaged over canonical frequency bands) were computed for each participant.