Lanierjacobsen8688

Maslinic acid (MA) is a natural triterpene from Olea europaea L. with multiple biological properties. The aim of the present study was to examine MA's effect on cell viability (by the MTT assay), reactive oxygen species (ROS levels, by flow cytometry) and key antioxidant enzyme activities (by spectrophotometry) in murine skin melanoma (B16F10) cells compared to those on healthy cells (A10). MA induced cytotoxic effects in cancer cells (IC50 42 µM), whereas no effect was found in A10 cells treated with MA (up to 210 µM). In order to produce a stress situation in cells, 0.15 mM H2O2 was added. Under stressful conditions, MA protected both cell lines against oxidative damage, decreasing intracellular ROS, which were higher in B16F10 than in A10 cells. Selleck Gefitinib The treatment with H2O2 and without MA produced different responses in antioxidant enzyme activities depending on the cell line. In A10 cells, all the enzymes were up-regulated, but in B16F10 cells, only superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase increased their activities. MA restored the enzyme activities to levels similar to those in the control group in both cell lines, highlighting that in A10 cells, the highest MA doses induced values lower than control. Overall, these findings demonstrate the great antioxidant capacity of MA.Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a kind of non-coding RNA with >200 nucleotides in length. Some lncRNAs have been proven to have clear regulatory functions in many biological processes of mammals. However, there have been no reports on the roles of lncRNAs in ovine mammary gland tissues. In the study, the expression profiles of lncRNAs were studied using RNA-Seq in mammary gland tissues from lactating Small-Tailed Han (STH) ewes and Gansu Alpine Merino (GAM) ewes with different milk yield and ingredients. A total of 1894 lncRNAs were found to be expressed. Compared with the GAM ewes, the expression levels of 31 lncRNAs were significantly up-regulated in the mammary gland tissues of STH ewes, while 37 lncRNAs were remarkably down-regulated. Gene Ontogeny (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis found that the target genes of differentially expressed lncRNAs were enriched in the development and proliferation of mammary epithelial cells, morphogenesis of mammary gland, ErbB signaling pathway, and Wnt signaling pathway. Some miRNA sponges of differentially expressed lncRNAs, reported to be associated with lactation and mammary gland morphogenesis, were found in a lncRNA-miRNA network. This study reveals comprehensive lncRNAs expression profiles in ovine mammary gland tissues, thereby providing a further understanding of the functions of lncRNAs in the lactation and mammary gland development of sheep.Gemcitabine and platinum-based agents could increase the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with cancer. We evaluated the additive predictive utility of these agents towards cancer-associated VTE beyond a recently developed and externally validated clinical prediction model, which was based on tumor entity and continuous D-dimer levels. Analysis was performed in the derivation cohort of this model, obtained from the Vienna Cancer and Thrombosis Study (CATS), a prospective observational cohort study (n = 1409). Patients were followed for the occurrence of VTE for a maximum of two years. Competing-risk analysis was performed to obtain cumulative incidences and to conduct between-group comparisons of VTE risk. Cumulative two-year incidences of VTE were not elevated with gemcitabine treatment (10.2% vs. 7.5%, p = 0.148), whereas they were higher for platinum-based therapy (11.6% vs. 5.9%, p less then 0.001). In a multivariable analysis, adjusting for tumor site category and D-dimer, gemcitabine was not associated with increased risk of VTE (subdistribution hazard ratio (SHR) 0.82, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.53-1.28, p = 0.390), whereas platinum-based therapy predicted for a numerically increased VTE risk (SHR 1.44, 95% CI 0.96-2.17, p = 0.080). Similar results were obtained in a sensitivity analysis (updated cohort, n = 1870). Our findings suggest limited additional value of chemotherapy for the prediction of cancer-associated VTE, beyond a validated clinical prediction model.Spherical joints have attracted increasing interest in the engineering applications of machine tools, industrial robots, medical equipment, and so on. As one of the promising methods of detecting the micro-clearance in spherical joints, the measurement accuracy of a spherical capacitive sensor could be affected by imperfectness during the manufacturing and installation of the sensor. This work presents error analysis of a spherical capacitive sensor with a differential structure and explores the dependence of the differential capacitance on manufacturing and the installation imperfectness. Five error sources are examined the shape of the ball and the capacitive plate, the axial and radial offset of the plate, and the inclined installation of the plate. The mathematical models for calculating the capacitance errors of the spherical capacitive sensor are deduced and validated through a simulation using Ansoft Maxwell. The results show that the measurement accuracy of the spherical capacitive sensor is significantly affected by the shape of plates and ball, the axial offset, and the inclined angle of the plate. In contrast, the effect of the radial offset of the plate is quite small.Oxidative stress was implicated in the functional impairment of the frontal cortex observed in early Alzheimer's disease (AD). To elucidate this role in an animal AD model, we assessed cognitive function of 4-month-old five familial AD (5XFAD) transgenic (Tg) mice using a learning strategy-switching task requiring recruitment of the frontal cortex and measuring levels of 4-hydroxy-2-trans-nonenal (4-HNE), a marker of oxidative stress, in their frontal cortex. Mice were sequentially trained in cued/response and place/spatial versions of the water maze task for four days each. 5XFAD and non-Tg mice exhibited equal performance in cued/response training. However, 5XFAD mice used spatial search strategy less than non-Tg mice in the spatial/place training. Immunoblot and immunofluorescence staining showed that 4-HNE levels increased in the frontal cortex, but not in the hippocampus and striatum, of 5XFAD mice compared to those in non-Tg mice. We report early cognitive deficits related to the frontal cortex and the frontal cortex's oxidative damage in 4-month-old 5XFAD mice.