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53 ± 1.08 in the study and -0.39 ± 0.72 (p = 0.016) in the control groups, and the Z scores were -0.4 ± 0.63 and 0.33 ± 0.31 (p = 0.018), respectively. Seventeen patients (74%) of the study group and 9 (39%) of the control group had T scores less than -1.0, indicating osteopenia/osteoporosis (p = 0.036). CONCLUSIONS The results showed a significant association between Ménière's disease and reduced bone mineral density of the femoral head. Bone mineral density studies of the weight-bearing bones are warranted in Ménière's disease for the early diagnosis and treatment of osteopenia/osteoporosis on the one hand and possible benefit of this treatment for the evolution of Ménière's disease on the other hand. © 2020 S. Karger AG, Basel.Aureobasidium pullulans (A. pullulans) is a dematiaceous, yeast-like fungus that is ubiquitous in nature, which can colonize the human hair and skin. A. pullulans has been clinically implicated to cause skin and soft tissue infections, meningitis, splenic abscesses, and peritonitis. Herein, molecular diagnostic of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing was used to investigate a suspected case of A. pullulans infection, and the infection source had been traced. A 27-year-old female case was suspected of kala-azar due to the recurrent fever. Bone marrow specimens were analyzed. The samples were negative for Leishmania, Penicillium marneffei and Histoplasma capsulatum. DNA was extracted from the bone marrow specimens, and the 583-bp sequence was amplified with the fungal ITS universal primers. The sequence was compared by Blast query to be identified as A. pullulans. A strain of A. pullulans was also isolated from the kitchen of the patient's living room. Culture characteristics were the same as the human pathogens of A. pullulans, and the ITS sequence was identical to the bone marrow ITS amplification. In conclusion, a deep infection caused by A. pullulans is rare, often occurring in the indwelling catheter, which may cause peritonitis and other symptoms. ITS sequencing of fungi can be used as a diagnostic reference. As A. pullulans is a common fungus in environment, amplification of ITS sequence of A. pullulans in the aseptic body fluid would be necessary to make a comprehensive diagnosis based on the clinical symptoms and signs. Copyright (c) 2019 Dongli Liu, Lin Ma, Yi Shi, Anli Wang, Changhong Liu.Elderly patients with fungal pneumonia experience higher mortality and are more likely to be misdiagnosed. The diagnosis and treatment of fungal pneumonia in elderly patients is challenging. We herein present a clinical case of pulmonary fungal infection (PFI) manifesting as cavitary lesions in an 85-year-old male with multiple organ failure. Broad-spectrum antibiotics showed unsatisfactory result in this case. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest showed multiple pulmonary cavities with gas-fluid levels in the right upper and middle lobe, and patchy blurred shadows in the lower lobe. The diagnosis of fungal pneumonia was made after ruling out other causes of fever. The patient showed good response to anti-fungal treatment. Physicians must consider the possibility of fungal pneumonia in elderly patients who do not respond to antibiotic treatment after exclusion of immune response, tumor, tuberculosis, and other systemic infections. Copyright (c) 2019 Wei Yang, Yixin Ma, Jieyu Wang, Yun Li, Yaxin Zhang, Tong Zhang.Non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection has increased significantly in recent years, especially in emerging countries. We present the case of a 25-year-old male patient, immunocompetent, with cervical lymphadenopathy, identifying Mycobacterium kumamotonense, a rare species in extrapulmonary forms and with a high drug resistance index. Copyright (c) 2019 Alejandro Hernández Solis, Maribel González Villa, Ernesto Ramírez González, Yesenia Colin Muñoz, Raúl Cicero Sabido.INTRODUCTION Control of vaccine preventable diseases, while constituting a priority of European health policies, is challenged by migrations from countries with suboptimal levels of immunization coverage. We report here two different types of vaccination campaign strategy in one of the bigger Italian asylum seekers' centres. The vaccination service staff of the local national health institute came monthly during the first three years of observation, while in the last year, the vaccinations were offered directly upon arrival of migrants in the asylum seekers' centre. METHODOLOGY we performed a descriptive cross-sectional study that analysed data collected from the database of the internal healthcare facility and ARVA Target tool, regarding vaccinations performed from 2013 to 2017 in the asylum seekers' centre. RESULTS In the four years of observation period the asylum seekers centre hosted 3941 migrants. Among them, 85% were vaccinated during their stay, for a total of 4252 vaccinations administered, covering 95% of minors and 85% of adults. During the study period, there was an important increase from an average of 10.5% of migrants vaccinated in the first three years to 66% in the last year, when vaccines were delivered directly upon arrival in the centre. CONCLUSIONS To improve the rate of immunization in migrants, the first requirement is a strong collaboration with the local vaccine services and the second,vaccinations must be carried out when migrants arrive at the asylum seekers' centre, avoiding any delay. Copyright (c) 2019 Serena Vita, Maria Teresa Sinopoli, Lucia Fontanelli Sulekova, Luca Morucci, Maurizio Lopalco, Martina Spaziante, Laura Elena Pacifici, Riccardi Bazzardi, Silvia Angeletti, Massimo Ciccozzi, Giancarlo Ceccarelli.INTRODUCTION Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease with endemic foci in Cameroon. Epidemiological data on schistosomiasis in pregnancy are scarce in the country. This study describes the prevalence, diversity and factors associated with schistosomiasis in pregnant women in Njombe-Penja where schistosomiasis was first reported in 1968. METHODOLOGY Two hundred and eighty-two (282) pregnant women were enrolled at first antenatal consultation between April and December 2016. A questionnaire was used to document socio-economic and obstetric information. Stool and terminal urine samples were collected and analysed using Kato-Katz/Formol-Ether concentration techniques and centrifugation methods respectively. this website Haemoglobin concentration was measured from finger prick blood, using an URIT®-12 electronic haemoglobinometer. Bivariate and logistic regression were used for statistical analyses with Epi-Info version 7.2.1.0. Statistical significance level was set at 0.05. RESULTS The overall prevalence of schistosomiasis was 31.