Fergusoncaldwell9468

Prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in premature-birth babies continues to be an unmet medical need. Intramuscular vitamin A is currently employed in preterm neonates to prevent BPD but requires intramuscular injections in fragile neonates. We hypothesized that noninvasive inhaled delivery of vitamin A, targeted to lung, would be a more effective and tolerable strategy. We employed our well-established hyperoxia-injury neonatal rat model, exposing newborn rats to 7 days of constant extreme (95% O2) hyperoxia, comparing vitamin A dosed every 48 h via either aerosol inhalation or intramuscular injection with normoxic untreated healthy animals and vehicle-inhalation hyperoxia groups as positive and negative controls, respectively. Separately, similar vitamin A dosing of normoxia-dwelling animals was performed. Analyses after day 7 included characterization of alveolar histomorphology and protein biomarkers of alveolar maturation [surfactant protein C (SP-C), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ, cholinephosphate cytidylyl transferase, vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor, FLK-1, and retinoid X receptors (RXR-α, -β, and -γ], apoptosis (Bcl2 and Bax) key injury repair pathway data including protein markers (ALK-5 and β-catenin) and neutrophil infiltration, and serum vitamin A levels. Compared with intramuscular dosing, inhaled vitamin A significantly enhanced biomarkers of alveolar maturation, mitigated hyperoxia-induced lung damage, and enhanced surfactant protein levels, suggesting that it may be more efficacious in preventing BPD in extremely premature infants than the traditionally used IM dosing regimen. We speculate lung-targeted inhaled vitamin A may also be an effective therapy against other lung damaging conditions leading to BPD or, more generally, to acute lung injury.Aim To study sex-related differences in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) presentation, management and in-hospital outcomes. Materials & methods We studied 621 ACS patients (150 women, 471 men) of low socio-economic status from South India from February 2015 to January 2016. Multivariable logistic regression methods were used to assess sex differences in the in-hospital outcomes. Adjudicated major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) included in-hospital cardiac arrest, cardiogenic shock, heart failure, re-infarction, stroke, major bleeding and mortality. Results & conclusion Mean age in women was 60.97 ± 11.23 years versus 54.5 ± 10.87 years in men (p less then 0.001). Women had higher prevalence of hypertension and diabetes and presented with more non-ST elevation ACS. There were no differences in the use of antiplatelets, statins and other pharmacotherapy except for the higher use of nitrates in women. There were no differences in MACE rates between women and men (15.3 vs 9.6%; adjusted odds ratio 1.43; CI 0.76-2.69).Dapagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor used in the management of Type 2 diabetes mellitus, has been recently approved for the control of worsening cardiovascular events, including deaths and hospitalizations, in adults with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Previously, canagliflozin had a label change with regards to its additional usage in the reduction of risk of hospitalization for heart failure in patients with both Type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy with albuminuria. On the other hand, the therapeutic application of empagliflozin and ertugliflozin in heart failure is yet to be delineated comprehensively. The beneficial effects of these SGLT2 inhibitors, dapagliflozin in particular, in heart failure are found to be independent of neither the glucose-lowering nor the SGLT2 inhibiting effects.This Swedish study investigates how persons living with dementia report their experiences of cognitive and linguistic testing, as well as their perspectives on the communicative resources and barriers they experience in daily interactions. Eight dyads were included in this qualitative exploratory study; eight persons with dementia and eight family members with whom they interact with daily. Semi-structured interviews, with questions focusing on experiences of diagnostic pathways as well as communicative and cognitive function in daily life, were carried out together with standard clinical testing. The data were analysed using qualitative content analysis. The results shed light on the experiences of uncertainty during the dementia assessment process related to the assessment tasks, the consequences of the assessment and receiving a diagnosis. We interpret this as a result of the unfamiliar clinical focus on function as measured in decontextualised tasks, compared to the participants' view based on their abilities in everyday life. The study also reveals that adjustments in daily life that are necessitated by the consequences of neurological change are often developed in collaboration between the person with dementia and their conversation partners. There are, however, reports of conflicting feelings by the persons diagnosed with dementia, and by their families, as well as their views on how to best handle change, while maintaining a sense of being a competent person through the progression of disease.Hydrocarbon stress (HS) has been causing decreased plant growth and productivity. Akt inhibitor Putrescine (Put) and growth promoting microbes are vital for plant growth and development under hydrocarbon stress. Current research work was carried out to evaluate the potential of Bacillus megaterium OSR-3 alone and in combination with Put to alleviate HS in Nicotiana tabacum (L.). The crude petroleum contaminated soil significantly reduced growth attributes of N. tabacum. B. megaterium OSR-3 inoculated plants subjected to HS exhibited improved photosynthetic rate, gas exchange characteristics, poline contents and protein level. Furthermore, bacterial inoculation enhanced the antioxidative activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in tobacco plants subjected to HS. The HS alleviation in B. megaterium OSR-3 inoculated N. tabacum can be credited to the heightened activity of antioxidative enzymes, reduction in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and abridged synthesis of malondialdehyde (MDA). The increased synthesis of indole acetic acid (IAA) in HS stressed N.