Macmillanlacroix7783

In this study, a new recirculation column reactor system for arsenate removal using a polyethylenimine coated bacterial biosorbent was developed. Solution pH was the most important factor in process design and operation. In order to control and optimize solution pH favorable for arsenate removal, a pH control and recirculation system was added to a column reactor. The effects of recycle ratio, initial arsenate concentration, and flow rate on the arsenate removal performance of the developed process were examined. Selleckchem Ciforadenant Thomas and Yoon-Nelson models were used to interpret the breakthrough curve of arsenate removal. The maximum arsenate adsorption amount of the new reactor was determined to be 50.86 mg/g by the Thomas model. Importantly, the new reactor showed unimpeded adsorption performance compared with that in the batch experiments. The desorption study also showed excellent reusability. The results indicated that the newly developed process could be a promising application prospect for removing arsenate.Treatment of landfill leachate was conducted in a lab-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The SBR was started through inoculating activated sludge with controlling dissolved oxygen of 0.5-1.0 mg/L. Anammox reaction took place within around three months. The SBR established robust nitrogen removal with incremental NLRs of 0.25-2.17 kg N/m3/d. At the final phase, it achieved elevated nitrogen removals of 1.68-1.91 kg N/m3/d. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing analysis revealed Nitrosomonas, unclassified Anammox bacterium, and diverse denitrifying populations coexisted and accounted for 4.02%, 20.05% and 34.69%, respectively. Phylogenic analysis and average nucleotide identity comparison jointly suggested the unclassified Anammox bacterium potentially pertained to a novel Anammox lineage. The functional profiles' prediction suggested sulfate reduction, arsenate reduction and eliminations of antibiotics and drugs likely occurred in the SBR. The finding from this study suggests contribution of unclassified Anammox bacteria in influencing nitrogen budget in natural and engineering systems is currently being underestimated.For the first time, using aluminum-boron electrodes in the electrocoagulation cell for harvesting the cultivated Chlorella microalgae and then performing a hydrothermal process of producing biofuel, mesoporous biochar was produced with an average pore diameter of 11.62 nm, a high specific surface area of 126.4 m2/g and a total pore volume of 0.55 cm3/g. Based on the chemical characterization, aluminum boride carbide (Al3B48C2) and boehmite [Al2(OOH)2] were identified in the biochar composition so that 7.17 wt% Al and 16.67 wt% B were measured on the biochar surface by EDS analysis. As the by-product of hydrothermal converting microalgae Chlorella into biofuel, the residual biochar was innovatively used to separate tetracycline from aqueous solutions. The nonlinear form of the Freundlich model fitted theadsorption equilibrium data well with the least error function value explained by the intraparticle diffusion model. The maximum adsorption capacity of 25.94 mg/g was obtained through endothermic physical adsorption.In this study, green soybean hulls and maize straw were used for composting to explore the dynamics of material conversion, bacterial and fungal communities and metabolic functions. The results showed that bacterial and fungal communities had different temporal successions during composting. The bacterium Streptosporangiaceae was a biomarker in the thermophilic stage of composting, and the fungus Chaetomiaceae was a biomarker in the thermophilic stage and cooling stage. In the bacterial network, the germination index (GI) had a time-delayed association with Truepera, Pseudomonas and Methylococcaceae, which represented the key physicochemical characteristics that affect the community. In the fungal community, the GI, pH, fulvic acid (FA) and temperature etc. had a joint effect. Carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism were the main metabolic pathways, and saprotrophs represented the dominant fungal trophic mode in the composting process. These results provide a reference from screening specific and efficient agents to accelerate natural vegetable composting.The nanometer-scale spatial distributions of local thickness or composition of noncrystalline materials are generally measured by spectroscopy with scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). Since spectroscopy requires a high electron dose and causes irradiation damage, alternative non-spectroscopic methods are required to measure the local thickness or composition of electron-sensitive noncrystalline materials. Here, we focus on the radial distribution function (RDF) of the electron diffraction of non-crystalline materials. We confirm that the RDF of the electron diffraction obtained by simulation contains information on the thickness and composition. Next, we demonstrate the determination of both thickness and composition from experimentally obtained RDFs. Although some constraints are required, we determine the local thickness and composition of a BaO-SiO2 glass sample by comparing the RDFs of diffraction measured by a high-speed pixelated detector with those of the simulated diffractions. Collaterally, this determination method can improve the quality of STEM images.The present study aimed to determine the primary sequence of ovine xenin and clarify the mRNA expression and peptide localization of xenin in the gastrointestinal tract in sheep. The colocalization of xenin and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide was also compared in the antrum and duodenum. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of ovine xenin revealed a high degree (97.9%) of sequence homology of the sequence between sheep and cattle, and the amino acids sequence determined for ovine xenin coincided (100%) with that of other mammalian species. Real-time quantitative PCR for ovine xenin did not show regional difference in the mRNA expression ratio of xenin. In contrast to the real-time quantitative PCR results, anti-xenin positive cells were abundantly localized in the abomasal antrum (P less then 0.01) and at a lesser amount in the duodenum, but no antixenin positive cells were observed in the other regions. Anti-xenin single-positive cells were in a majority in the abomasal antrum, whereas anti-xenin single-positive cells, and anti-GIP single-positive cells, and double-positive cells were even colocalized in the duodenum.