Byerstownsend2923

To investigate saccadic movements in subjects with eccentric fixation due to a deep central scotoma in Stargardt disease (STGD).

We studied 10 patients with STGD and 10 healthy subjects (control group). Saccadic movements of all the 20 subjects were assessed by using the eye tracker technique Tobii Glasses Pro 2. Standard measurements of reading ability (MNREAD charts), visual acuity (ETDRS charts), contrast sensitivity (Pelli-Robson charts), reading contrast threshold and speed (REX charts), retinal sensitivity and stability and localization of the fixation (MP1 fundus perimetry) were obtained in all subjects.

The saccadic movements time was significantly slower in STGD than in healthy subjects (699 ± 193 ms vs 299 ± 40 ms,

 < 0.001). When STGD patients moved fixation to the target localized in retinal scotomatous areas, the movement was significantly slower compared to non scotomatous areas in the retina (1103 ± 798 ms vs 524 ± 187 ms,

 = 0.039). There was a trend toward a correlation between slow saccadic movements in STGD subjects and the reading performance indices, although statistical significance was not achieved.

Ocular saccades guided by eccentric fixation in STGD patients are significantly slower than in the control group, especially when the target corresponds to retinal areas with a deep scotoma. These results can explain the worse reading performance in STGD subjects, in particular when a non-viewing area on the right part of the text is present.

Ocular saccades guided by eccentric fixation in STGD patients are significantly slower than in the control group, especially when the target corresponds to retinal areas with a deep scotoma. These results can explain the worse reading performance in STGD subjects, in particular when a non-viewing area on the right part of the text is present.

To determine the levels of serum oxidative, antioxidative markers and inflammatory cytokines in patients diagnosed with diabetic macular edema (DME) whose hyperreflective spots (HRS) were detected by optical coherence tomography (OCT).

In this prospective cross-sectional clinical study included a total of 88 patients; 31 patients (group-1) with DME and HRS detected by OCT, 29 patients (group-2) with DME without HRS, and 28 patients (group-3) diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM) without any diabetic retinopathy findings. The main outcomes were best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), CMT (central macular thickness), CMV (central macular volume), TMV (total macular volume), CT (choroidal thickness), serum TAS (total antioxidant status), TOS (total oxidant status), VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), FGF (fibroblast growth factor) and IL-1b levels. OCT parameters and biochemical measurements were compared statistically between the three groups.

A total of 88 patients (43 females (48.9%) and 45 males (51.1%)) were included in the study. The mean age was 56.29 ± 9.23 years. There was no difference between the three groups in age-and-sex. In selleckchem -1 and 2, BCVA(LogMAR) was statistically higher than group 3. CMT, CMV, TMV, TAS, TOS, VEGF and FGF were significantly higher in group-1 than in group-3. CMT, CMV, TMV, VEGF and FGF were significantly higher in group-2 than group 3. TOS and VEGF were significantly higher in group-1 than group-2.

This study demonstrates that in patients with DME and HRS, TOS and VEGF levels were higher than those without HRS. Hence, hyperreflective spots may be an inflammatory biomarker.

This study demonstrates that in patients with DME and HRS, TOS and VEGF levels were higher than those without HRS. Hence, hyperreflective spots may be an inflammatory biomarker.

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare, difficult to treat disease with profound effects on quality of life and high mortality. #link# Complex and incompletely understood pathophysiologic processes and greatly heterogeneous clinical presentations and outcomes have hampered drug development.

This review summarizes the currently available immunosuppressive and antifibrotic therapies and discusses novel approaches for the treatment of SSc. We reviewed the literature using the MEDLINE and ClinicalTrial.gov databases between May and September 2020.

Available immunosuppressive and antifibrotic drugs only modestly impact the course of the disease. Most drugs are currently only investigated in the subset of patients with early diffuse cutaneous SSc. In this patient population, hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation is currently the only treatment that has demonstrated reversal of lung involvement, enhanced quality of life and reduced long-term mortality, but carries the risk of short-term treatment-related mortality. A gstanding of SSc pathophysiology has enabled the identification of numerous new therapeutic targets. The progress made in the design of clinical trials and outcome parameters will likely result in the improvement of effective management options.

Several risk factors have been identified for central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) in older population. CRVO in young is uncommon, and the risk factors for this group are unclear. This large retrospective, cross-sectional study used the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database to evaluate the risk factors for CRVO in patients 18 to 40 years of age.

The 2002 to 2014 NIS database was used. All patients 18 to 40 years of age with a primary diagnosis of CRVO were identified. Age- and gender-matched non-CRVO controls were randomly selected. The primary outcome was identification of risk factors for CRVO. Chi-square analysis and Firth logistic regression were performed with IBM SPSS 23 and R packages versions 3.4.3, respectively.

 < 0.05 was considered significant.

A total of 95 weighted young CRVO patients were identified. The average age was 31.44 ± 6.41 years with no gender predilection. Systemic and ocular conditions found to have statistically significant associations with CRVO included primary opeactors such as hypertension and diabetes did not pose significant risks, whereas hyperlipidemia was deemed a significant risk factor.