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This study is the first to show that L. barbarum extract modulates skeletal muscle remodeling and has mimetic effects on skeletal muscles in a manner similar to exercise. It provides a scientific explanation based on modern biological technologies and concepts for the traditional function of L. barbarum in improving muscle fitness. This study lays a theoretical foundation for the application of L. barbarum in skeletal muscles as an exercise mimetic.Electrochemical oxidation of biomass substrates to valuable bio-chemicals is highly attractive. Selleckchem MALT1 inhibitor However, the design of efficient, selective, stable, and inexpensive electrocatalysts remains challenging. Here it is reported how a 3D highly ordered mesoporous Co3 O4 /nickel foam (om-Co3 O4 /NF) electrode fulfils those criteria in the electrochemical oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to value-added 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA). Full conversion of HMF and an FDCA yield of >99.8 % are achieved with a faradaic efficiency close to 100 % at a potential of 1.457 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode. Such activity and selectivity to FDCA are attributed to the fast electron transfer, high electrochemical surface area, and reduced charge transfer resistance. More impressively, remarkable catalyst stability under long-term testing is obtained with 17 catalytic cycles. This work highlights the rational design of metal oxides with ordered meso-structures for electrochemical biomass conversion.
The relationships between sleep problems, cognitive impairments, and depression have been established in the aging population. However, less is known about the role of late-life onset insomnia and sex involved in these dyad or tripartite relationships. This study aimed to consider onset age of insomnia and sex in the relationship between sleep parameters, cognition and depression among older adults with current insomnia complaints.
A multistep sampling method was adopted to recruit participants with current insomnia complaints in China in 2018. Sleep measures include onset age of insomnia (64 years old or before vs during/after 65), three factors from insomnia severity index (ISI; nighttime, daytime, and perception), excessive daytime sleepiness, and sleep duration. Outcome measures were mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and center for epidemiologic studies depression scale (CESD).
The average age of older adults was 75 (SD = 7.1). Among them, 62% participants are female. In general, older aged, femaurther attention.
There were robust associations between daytime sleepiness, depressive symptoms, and poor cognitive performance. More importantly, late-life onset insomnia was particularly indicative for poor cognitive performance among female older adults. Future study should emphasize the specific mechanism involved in changes of sleep patterns in the development of cognitive impairment among older adults. Sex differences in the relationship between onset age of insomnia and cognition also require further attention.
While the clinical characteristics and outcomes of asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) overlap (ACO) have been frequently compared with those of COPD or asthma, the prevalence and features of ACO in patients with severe asthma are unclear.
Evaluation of the prevalence and clinical features of ACO using the Korean severe asthma registry.
At the time of registration, ACO was determined in patients with severe asthma by attending specialists. Patients were classified into ACO and non-ACO groups, and the demographic and clinical characteristics of these two groups were compared.
Of 482 patients with severe asthma, 23.7% had ACO. Patients in the ACO group were more likely to be male (P<.001), older (P<.001), and ex- or current smokers (P<.001) compared with those in the non-ACO group. Patients in the ACO group had lower mean forced expiratory volume in 1second (P<.001) and blood eosinophil percentage (P=.006), but higher blood neutrophil percentage (P=.027) than those in the non-ACO group. The ACO group used more inhaled long-acting muscarinic antagonist (P<.001), methylxanthine (P=.001), or sustained systemic corticosteroid (P=.002). In addition, unscheduled emergency department visits due to exacerbation were more frequent in the ACO group (P=.006).
Among patients with severe asthma, those with ACO were older, predominantly male, and were more likely to have a smoking history than those with asthma only. Patients with ACO used more systemic corticosteroid and had more frequent exacerbations related to emergency department visits than those with severe asthma only.
Among patients with severe asthma, those with ACO were older, predominantly male, and were more likely to have a smoking history than those with asthma only. Patients with ACO used more systemic corticosteroid and had more frequent exacerbations related to emergency department visits than those with severe asthma only.A common feature of d- and p-block elements is that they participate in multiple bonding. In contrast, the synthesis of compounds containing homo- or hetero-nuclear multiple bonds involving s-block elements is extremely rare. Herein, we report the synthesis, molecular structure, and computational analysis of a beryllium imido (Be=N) complex (2), which was prepared via oxidation of a molecular Be0 precursor (1) with trimethylsilyl azide Me3 SiN3 (TMS-N3 ). Notably, compound 2 features the shortest known Be=N bond (1.464 Å) to date. This represents the first compound with an s-block metal-nitrogen multiple bond. All compounds were characterized experimentally with multi-nuclear NMR spectroscopy (1 H, 13 C, 9 Be) and single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The bonding situation was analyzed with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, which supports the existence of π-bonding between beryllium and nitrogen.
Natural killer (NK) cells are primary innate effector cells that play an important role in the control of human viral infections. During chronic viral infection, NK cells undergo significant changes in phenotype, function and subset distribution, including the appearance of CD56-CD16+ (CD56-) NK cells, previously identified in chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus infection. However, the presence of CD56- NK cells in the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) remains unknown.
Phenotype and function of CD56- NK cells from patients with CHB (n=28) were assessed using flow cytometry and in vitro stimulation with HBV antigen.
CHB patients had a higher frequency of CD56- NK cells compared to healthy controls in peripheral blood (6.2% vs 1.4%, P<.0001). Compared to CD56+ NK cells, CD56- NK cells had increased expression of inhibitory receptors, and reduced expression of activating receptors, as measured by MFI and qPCR. CD56- NK cells were less responsive to target cell and cytokine stimulation compared to their CD56+ counterparts.
