Kjeldgaardkruse4510

In the paper, the flexible temperature sensor based on polyimide is designed and fabricated by magnetron sputtering technology. The impact of vacuum degree, sputtering power, and argon flow rate on the roughness and deposition rate of two thermo-electrodes [indium tin oxide (ITO)/indium oxide (In2O3)] is investigated with orthogonal experiment. The thermoelectric properties of the sensor are greatly improved by low temperature heat treatment. The sensitivity of the ITO film and In2O3 film increases by 2.61 times and 2.89 times, respectively, after 1 h low-temperature heat treatment. According to the comprehensive evaluation, an innovative step annealing process is proposed to optimize the heat treatment of the prepared thermo-electrodes. The fabricated flexible thin film thermocouples exhibit great operating characteristics in the low temperature measurement range. When the hot end's temperature reaches 181.5 °C, the thermoelectric force can reach 7.84 mV and the average Seebeck coefficient can reach 50.55 µV/°C. The repeatability and hysteresis error of the sensor is ±0.88% and 1.90%, respectively. The sensor in this work shows great application potential for in situ real-time temperature measurement in robotic dexterous hands, electronic skin, and foldable devices.In this paper, a novel method of film thickness measurement based on weak measurements is proposed by analyzing the quantitative relationship between film thickness and the weak measurement amplified shift of the photonic spin Hall effect, and the corresponding measurement system is established to verify it through experiments. This method can measure the thickness of an arbitrary dielectric film with nanometer resolution. The theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the method is reasonable, feasible, and reliable, and the structure of the measurement system is simple, easy to operate, and easy to assemble into a prototype instrument. The measurement model and method provide not only a new way for the measurement of thin film thickness but also an important reference for the precise measurement of other optical interface parameters.The initial alignment method, including the identification of inertial device error parameters, has always been a key issue in an inertial navigation system (INS). This study focuses on the error caused by the random noise of inertial devices that can be compensated by the reconstruction of gravitational apparent motion in an inertial frame under the condition of swinging motion. Attitude angles and accelerometer bias can also be estimated. However, the analysis and simulation results indicate that the existing methods cannot estimate the gyroscope bias. The accelerometer and the gyroscope bias will change over a long time, which will lead to long-term parameter identification accuracy decline or even failure. In this paper, a parameter identification algorithm based on Newton iterative optimization combined with a window loop calculation is designed to solve these problems. Simulation and turntable tests indicate that the proposed new algorithm can fulfill the initial alignment of strapdown INS under the swinging condition and estimate accelerometer bias effectively. read more Moreover, the new algorithm improves data utilization, which also has better time sensitivity, and the calculated alignment errors can nearly approach zero.Measurement for modeling of the high-power transistors is difficult due to its high-power and low-impedance characteristics. In this paper, novel methods and devices were designed and applied to achieve precise measurements of the high-power transistors. Fixtures capable of withstanding high voltage and current were designed to replace traditional radio frequency (RF) probes for higher power capacity. To reduce the impact of capacitive and inductive components of traditional bias tees on the rising/falling edge, two wideband 90° hybrid couplers that were connected back-to-back were designed for pulsed measurements. The measurement system of stable S-parameters with the Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) was reported, which could protect the devices and laboratory equipment from damage of self-oscillation. Application of several innovative approaches enabled accurate I-V characteristic and S-parameters measurements of high-power transistors in DC or pulsed mode. Experimental results of a 30 W gallium nitride high-electron-mobility transistor verified the validity.Isotope selective optical excitation of atoms is important for experiments with neutral atoms, metrology, and work with trapped ions, including quantum information processing. Polarization-enhanced absorption spectroscopy is used to frequency stabilize a tunable external cavity laser diode system at 398.9 nm for isotope selective photoionization of neutral Yb atoms. This spectroscopy technique is used to measure isotope resolved dispersive features from transitions within a see-through configuration ytterbium hollow-cathode discharge lamp. This Doppler-free dichroic polarization spectroscopy is realized by retro-reflecting a laser beam through the discharge and analyzing the polarization dependent absorption with balanced detection. The spectroscopy signal is recovered using lock-in detection of frequency modulation induced by current modulation of the external cavity laser diode. Here, we show an order of magnitude improvement in the long-term stability using polarization-enhanced absorption spectroscopy of Yb compared to polarization spectroscopy.Atmospheric pressure reactions on model catalysts are typically performed in so-called high-pressure cells, with product analysis performed by gas chromatography (GC) or mass spectrometry (MS). However, in most cases, these cells have a large volume (liters) so that the reactions on catalysts with only cm2 surface area can be carried out only in the (recirculated) batch mode to accumulate sufficient product amounts. Herein, we describe a novel small-volume (milliliters) catalytic reactor that enables kinetic studies under atmospheric pressure flow conditions. The cell is located inside an ultrahigh vacuum chamber that is deliberately limited to basic functions. Model catalyst samples are mounted inside the reactor cell, which is locked to an oven for external heating and closed by using an extendable/retractable gas dosing tube. Reactant and product analyses are performed by both micro-GC and MS. The functionality of the new design is demonstrated by catalytic ethylene (C2H4) hydrogenation on polycrystalline Pt and Pd foils.