Bjerregaardmadsen4339
To assess the comparative effectiveness and safety of different surgical and laser techniques in people with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXFG). We conducted a systematic review including randomized controlled trials (RCT) that compared any pair of surgical or laser treatment versus other type of intervention in PXFG. RCT were identified by a highly sensitive search of electronic databases and two individuals independently assessed trial eligibility, abstracted data and assessed risk of bias. We performed Bayesian Meta-Analysis when outcomes were comparable. The search strategy identified 6171 records. Six studies (262 subjects) were included. Two trials analyzed the same pair of surgical interventions comparing phacoemulsification as solo procedure or combined with trabecular aspiration and we performed meta-analysis. Other RCTs compared the following interventions trabecular aspiration associated with phacoemulsification versus phacotrabeculectomy, non-penetrating deep sclerectomy associated or not with phacoemulsification, selective versus argon laser trabeculoplasty and one-site versus two-site phacotrabeculectomy. For IOP data, none of the trials reported a difference between pairs of surgical techniques, nor changes in visual acuity or number of post-operative medications. The overall risk of bias is moderate to high. There are no apparent differences in efficacy and safety, although with large uncertainty, between surgical or laser techniques for PXFG. JAK2 inhibitor drug Based on the low-quality evidence from the six studies included in this review, it is not possible to justify the preferential use of non-penetrating surgery, MIGS or trabecular aspiration (with or without cataract surgery) in PXFG. Further research is needed to determine the optimal management of this condition.Physical activity and cognitive challenge are established non-invasive methods to induce comprehensive brain activation and thereby improve global brain function including mood and emotional well-being in healthy subjects and in patients. However, the mechanisms underlying this experimental and clinical observation and broadly exploited therapeutic tool are still widely obscure. Here we show in the behaving brain that physiological (endogenous) hypoxia is likely a respective lead mechanism, regulating hippocampal plasticity via adaptive gene expression. A refined transgenic approach in mice, utilizing the oxygen-dependent degradation (ODD) domain of HIF-1α fused to CreERT2 recombinase, allows us to demonstrate hypoxic cells in the performing brain under normoxia and motor-cognitive challenge, and spatially map them by light-sheet microscopy, all in comparison to inspiratory hypoxia as strong positive control. We report that a complex motor-cognitive challenge causes hypoxia across essentially all brain areas, with hypoxic neurons particularly abundant in the hippocampus. These data suggest an intriguing model of neuroplasticity, in which a specific task-associated neuronal activity triggers mild hypoxia as a local neuron-specific as well as a brain-wide response, comprising indirectly activated neurons and non-neuronal cells.
Benign paroxysmal torticollis (BPT) is characterized by attacks of head tilt associated with vomiting, irritability, and/or ataxia in early childhood. BPT is associated with migraine but risk factors are unknown. Impact on quality of life is also unknown.
Parents/caregivers of children with ongoing or resolved BPT participated in telephone interviews (n = 73). Those with ongoing BPT completed the Infant Toddler Quality of Life questionnaire (ITQoL).
Median age of children at the time of interview was 2.9 years (range 0.25-23). BPT was ongoing in 52% (n = 38). Nineteen percent (n = 14) developed migraine (median age 9.25 years, range 2.5-23) and 63% (n = 46) developed another episodic syndrome associated with migraine. Proportion of patients who developed migraine was higher among those with certain migrainous symptoms during BPT attacks vs. those without phonophobia (58 vs. 21%, p = 0.02), photophobia and phonophobia (55 vs. 23%, p = 0.05), and photophobia, phonophobia, and motion sensitivity (60 vs. 22ality of Life questionnaire.
Benign paroxysmal torticollis (BPT) is a rare condition of early childhood characterized by episodes of head tilt associated with vomiting, irritability, ataxia, pallor, and/or malaise. This cohort study describes the phenotypic spectrum of BPT, variable treatment, natural history and association with migraine, and impact on development and quality of life. Children with BPT may go on to develop migraine or episodic syndromes that may be associated with migraine; presence of migrainous features during attacks may increase odds of developing migraine. BPT can have significant impact on quality of life, demonstrated by findings from the Infant Toddler Quality of Life questionnaire.
Neonatal sepsis is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality, associated with immunosuppression. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are cells with immunosuppressive activity, present in high amounts in cord blood. Mechanisms regulating MDSC expansion are incompletely understood. Adenosine is a metabolite with immunoregulatory effects that are elevated in cord blood.
Impact of adenosine on peripheral and cord blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs and CBMCs) was analysed by quantification of ectonucleotidases and adenosine receptor expression, MDSC induction from PBMCs and CBMCs, their suppressive capacity on T cell proliferation and effector enzyme expression by flow cytometry.
Cord blood monocytes mainly expressed CD39, while cord blood T cells expressed CD73. Adenosine-induced MDSCs from PBMCs induced indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) expression and enhanced arginase I expression in monocytes. Concerted action of IDO and ArgI led to effective inhibition of T cell proliferation. In addition, aderties in cord blood by inducing MDSCs, and by modulating the inhibitory adenosine A3 receptor on monocytes. Adenosine upregulates expression of IDO in MDSCs and monocytes potentially contributing to their suppressive activity.
