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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that is caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Current studies have shown that Fc-receptor like-3 (FCRL3) is closely related to MS, but the specific role of FCRL3 in MS has not yet been clarified. This study further found that FCRL3 and interleukin 10 (IL-10) expression was downregulated in MS patients, but the expression of these proteins was higher in the remission phase than that in the acute phase. The C allele of rs7528684 was associated with MS, and the CC genotype could lead to the upregulation of FCRL3 expression and the increase in IL-10 secretion. Further in vitro experiments with B cells found that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) promoted FCRL3 expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner, thereby promoting IL-10 secretion. LPS regulated Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) expression and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway activation through FCRL3, and FCRL3 upregulated the SHP-1 expression and p38 phosphorylation levels. When SHP-1 small interfering RNA or a p38 pathway inhibitor was added, the effect of FCRL3 on IL-10 secretion was significantly inhibited. In addition, FCRL3 inhibited the secretion of inflammatory factors (tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8); after inhibiting the expression of IL-10, the abovementioned effects of FCRL3 were blocked. These results suggest that FCRL3 can activate the SHP-1 and p38 MAPK pathways and then promote the secretion of IL-10 in B cells, thus inhibiting the secretion of inflammatory factors. Therefore, FCRL3 may play an immunoprotective role in MS, and it will be an effective target for the diagnosis and treatment of MS. © 2020 International Federation for Cell Biology.Besides their widespread use in coordination chemistry, 2,2'-bipyridines are known for their ability to undergo cis-trans conformational changes in response to metal ions and acids, which has been primarily investigated at the molecular level. However, the exploitation of such conformational switching in self-assembly has remained unexplored. Herein, we have pioneered the use of 2,2'-bipyridines as acid-responsive conformational switches to tune supramolecular polymerization processes. To achieve this goal, we have designed a bipyridine-based linear bolaamphiphile 1 that forms ordered supramolecular polymers in aqueous media via cooperative aromatic and hydrophobic interactions. Interestingly, addition of acid (TFA) induces the monoprotonation of the 2,2'-bipyridine moiety, leading to a switch in the molecular conformation from a linear ( trans ) to a V-shaped ( cis ) state. This increase in molecular distortion along with electrostatic repulsions of the positively charged bipyridine-H + units attenuate the aggregation tendency and induces a transformation from long fibers to shorter thinner fibers. Our findings may contribute to opening up new directions in molecular switches and stimuli-responsive supramolecular materials. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Assessment batteries of functional capacity provide robust indicators of real-world functioning in major psychiatric illnesses and important information on an individual's ability to live autonomously and pursue relevant psychosocial goals. OBJECTIVES This study explores the psychometric properties of the Portuguese USCD Performance-based Skill Assessment 2 (UPSA-2-PT) in a mixed sample of Portuguese participants. METHOD A sample of 110 participants, 37 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, 27 first-degree relatives of patients and 46 controls were administered the UPSA-2-PT and self-report questionnaires. The UPSA-2-PT reliability was assessed through inter-rater reliability and internal consistency, convergent validity with community integration and a receiver operating curve analysis was conducted to establish scores' sensitivity and specificity. Youden's Index was used to determine an optimal UPSA-2-PT cutoff score. C-176 mouse RESULTS Findings show an excellent inter-rater reliability, good internal consistency and construct validity, consistent with previous studies in Western countries. The UPSA-2-PT also showed a good discriminant ability between patients and controls, and an overall percentage of correct classification of 86.7% based on the 81.59 cutoff. DISCUSSION Findings are congruous with previous versions, strengthening the body of evidence supporting the construct validity and providing a useful tool for research and clinical purposes to practitioners. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Phaeohyphomycosis is a dermatomycosis caused by black yeasts1,2 . Exophiala jeanselmei has been thought to be a main pathogenic fungus3 . Recently, however, molecular analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) revealed that phaeohyphomycosis due to E. jeanselmei was rather rare3,4 . Therefore, accumulation of cases is needed to reestablish the disease concept. Here, we present a case of phaeohyphomycosis due to E. jeanselmei mimicking an epidermal cyst in a healthy farmer. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Advances in molecular biology and the possibility of differentiating stem cells have opened up new scenarios in therapies that use progenitor or variously differentiated cells. Regardless of the choice of the system, designing a plant for producing advanced therapies requires a clear understanding of the final objective (the product), taking into account all the regulatory, environment, process, risk assessment, asepsis and validation aspects involved until its implementation. Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) compliant procedures are a prerequisite for cell production in clinical application, and clean rooms are zones for producing cell therapies. Clean rooms for clinical application require high running and maintenance costs and need trained operators and strict procedures to prepare the rooms and the people involved in the processes. While today production mainly occurs in open systems (clean rooms), there is evidence of processes in closed systems (isolators). The isolator is a Grade A aseptic closed system which requires a controlled environment and at least a Grade D environment in the case of sterile productions (A in D closed system).