Klinereed0550

In summary, this study is the first to elucidate the microbial diversity and community structure of L. chinensis and compare the diversity and composition between rhizospheric and endosphere microbiomes. © 2020 The Authors. Microbial Biotechnology published by Society for Applied Microbiology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Fabricating highly efficient electrocatalysts for the electrochemical hydrogen generation is the top priority to relief global energy crisis and environmental contamination. Herein, a rational synthetic strategy is developed for constructing well-defined FeP-CoMoP hierarchical nanostructures (HNSs). In general terms, the self-supported Co nanorods (NRs) are grew on conductive carbon cloth and directly serve as the self-sacrificing template. After the solvothermal treatment, Co NRs are converted into well-ordered Co-Mo nanotubes (NTs). Subsequently, the small-sized Fe oxyhydroxide nanorods arrays are hydrothermally grew on the surface of Co-Mo NTs to form Fe-Co-Mo HNSs, which are then converted into FeP-CoMoP HNSs through a facile phosphorization treatment. FeP-CoMoP HNSs reveal super activity for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with an ultralow cathodic overpotential of 33 mV at 10 mA cm -2 and a Tafel slope of 51 mV dec -1 . Moreover, FeP-CoMoP HNSs also display excellent electrochemical durability in alkaline media. First-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate that the remarkable HER activitiy of FeP-CoMoP HNSs originates from the synergistic effect between FeP and CoMoP. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.AIMS Over the last 30 years, many medicine development programmes in acute and chronic heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) have failed, in contrast to those in HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). We explore how the neutral results in larger HF trials may be attributable to chance and/or the dilution of statistical power. METHODS AND RESULTS Using simulations, we examined the probability that a positive finding in a Phase 2 trial would result in the study of a truly effective medicine in a Phase 3 trial. We assessed the similarity of clinical trial and registry patient populations. We conducted a meta-analysis of paired Phase 2 and 3 trials in HFrEF and acute HF examining the associations of trial phase and size with placebo event rates and treatment effects for HF events and death. We estimated loss in trial power attributable to dilution with increasing trial size. Appropriately powered Phase 3 trials should have yielded ∼35% positive results. Patient populations in Phase 3 trials are similar to those in Phase 2 trials but both differ substantially from the populations of 'real-life' registries. We observed decreasing placebo event rates and smaller treatment effects with increasing trial size, especially for HF events (and less so for mortality). This was more pronounced in trials in acute HF patients. CONCLUSIONS The selection of more positive Phase 2 trials for further development does not explain the failure of HFpEF and acute HF medicine development. Increasing sample size may lead to reduced event rates and smaller treatment effects, resulting in a high rate of neutral Phase 3 trials. © 2020 European Society of Cardiology.Many hundreds of people have engaged with our collaborative studies using expert-elicitation approaches through facilitated discussions to dynamically inform decision-making within the field of biological invasions. We draw on our experiences to outline ways that allow the inclusion of multiple viewpoints within expert-elicitation while limiting or transparently documenting potential bias. Ruboxistaurin © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Patients with advanced breast cancer (BC) showed a higher incidence of regional and distant metastases. Sine oculis homeobox homolog 1 (SIX-1) has been confirmed to be a key tumorigenic and metastatic regulator in BC progression. Yet, molecular mechanisms behind SIX-1-induced BC metastases remain largely unknown. Here we found that SIX-1 was frequently up-regulated in BC and correlated with poor outcomes when tested in human BC tissue microarray. Then, we manipulated the expression of SIX-1 by via shRNA-mediated knockdown and lentivirus-mediated overexpression. Transwell assay in vitro and lung metastases model of nude mice in vivo showed that SIX-1 promoted BC cell invasion and migration in vitro, and facilitated metastases in vivo. Mechanistically, SIX-1 could promote the transcription of lncATB, which exerts critical pro-metastatic role in BC by directly binding to the miR-200 family, especially for miR-200c, to induce EMT and promote metastases. In conclusion, SIX-1 exerts its pro-metastatic role in BC through lncATB/miR-200s axis of EMT signalling pathway and could act as an important diagnostic marker as well as a significant therapeutic target for clinically advanced BC. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine published by Foundation for Cellular and Molecular Medicine and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Oxygen (O2 ) limitation is generally understood to suppress soil carbon (C) decomposition and is a key mechanism impacting terrestrial C stocks under global change. Yet, O2 limitation may differentially impact kinetic or thermodynamic vs. physico-chemical C protection mechanisms, challenging our understanding of how soil C may respond to climate-mediated changes in O2 dynamics. Although O2 limitation may suppress decomposition of new litter C inputs, release of physico-chemically protected C due to iron (Fe) reduction could potentially sustain soil C losses. To test this tradeoff, we incubated two disparate upland soils that experience periodic O2 limitation-a tropical rainforest Oxisol and a temperate cropland Mollisol-with added litter under either aerobic (control) or anaerobic conditions for one year. Anoxia suppressed total C loss by 27% in the Oxisol and by 41% in the Mollisol relative to the control, mainly due to the decrease in litter-C decomposition. However, anoxia sustained or even increased decomposition of native soil-C (11.0% vs. 12.4% in the control for the Oxisol and 12.5% vs. 5.3% in the control for the Mollisol, in terms of initial soil C mass), and it stimulated losses of metal- or mineral-associated C. Solid-state 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy demonstrated that anaerobic conditions decreased protein-derived C but increased lignin- and carbohydrate-C relative to the control. Our results indicate a tradeoff between physico-chemical and kinetic/thermodynamic C protection mechanisms under anaerobic conditions, whereby decreased decomposition of litter C was compensated by more extensive loss of mineral-associated soil C in both soils. This challenges the common assumption that anoxia inherently protects soil C and illustrates the vulnerability of mineral-associated C under anaerobic events characteristic of a warmer and wetter future climate. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.