Holmanknowles2131

Few studies have reported on the use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) during the Covid-19 pandemic. We aimed to examine glycemic control metrics using flash glucose monitoring during insulin treatment and the clinical outcome in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.

Prospective, single-center cohort of adult patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes or hyperglycemia and COVID-19 infection treated with basal bolus insulin regimen. Glycemic control was assessed with the use of intermittent Freestyle Libre flash glucose monitoring during the hospital stay. Outcome of interest were time in range [TIR], time above [TAR] and below [TBR] range, glycemic variability [coefficient of variation [% CV]), and differences in a composite of complications including ICU admission, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and acute kidney injury.

A total of 60 patients were included (44 known diabetes and 16 new onset hyperglycemia). In total 190,080 data points of CGM were available, of which 72.5% of values were within the target area [TIR (70-180mg/dL)], 22% TAR (>180mg/dL), and 3% were TBR (<70mg/dL). check details During treatment, the coefficient of variation (% CV) was 30%. There were no association with TIR, but patients with TAR >180mg/dl had higher rates of a composite of complications (22.5% vs 16%, p=0.04).

Basal bolus insulin regimen was safe and effective in achieving inpatient glycemic control in most patients with COVID-19. The association between TAR and complications indicates the need for improved inpatient glycemic control in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.

Basal bolus insulin regimen was safe and effective in achieving inpatient glycemic control in most patients with COVID-19. The association between TAR and complications indicates the need for improved inpatient glycemic control in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.

Precise evaluation of resting metabolic rate (RMR) is critical, especially for seniors in syndromes conditions. The study aimed to compare different methods and devices to evaluate the resting metabolic rate and assess them' reliability in Brazilian women with metabolic syndrome.

A single-center prospective study with forty elderly postmenopausal women was performed to verify the reliability of indirect calorimetry (IC) versus Bioimpedance (BIA) on RMR fluctuations for an interval length of six months.

Measurements showed a high correlation between devices at baseline [BIA vs IC, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)=0.906 (0.822-0.950)]. Surprisingly, a high correlation was kept between BIA and IC after six months [BIA vs. IC, ICC=0.909 (0.829-0.952)]. The results suggest that both BIA and IC are excellent strategies to measure RMR in elderly postmenopausal women and with metabolic syndrome.

However, the BIA method presents greater convenience, optimizes patients' time, and does not require prolonged fasting to obtain good reliable results compared to IC.

However, the BIA method presents greater convenience, optimizes patients' time, and does not require prolonged fasting to obtain good reliable results compared to IC.

To elucidate the effect modification of general and central obesity by sex and age on the risk of cardiovascular events.

The analysis included 14,983 males and females aged 45-75 years from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. Obesity was defined with body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and body shape index (BSI) which categorized the participants as obese and non-obese. Targeted maximum likelihood estimation was used to estimate the risk ratio (RR) with the tmle package in R software.

After adjustment, the strongest effect of BMI on CHD was in females (RR (95%CI) 1.26 (1.11, 1.42)) and in age>54 (RR (95%CI) 1.16 (1.06, 1.27)) and for HF it was in age>54 (RR (95%CI) 1.18 (1.10, 1.26)) and in females (RR (95%CI) 1.17 (1.08, 1.28)). Regarding central obesity, WHR (RR (95%CI) 1.19 (1.05, 1.34)) had the strongest effects on CHD for males and BSI (RR (95%CI) 1.140 (1.02, 1.26)) for age≤54, and for HF the WHR (RR (95%CI) 1.22 (1.10, 1.36)) and BSI (RR (95%CI) 1.18 (1.07, 1.30)) had the strongest effects for age≤54, respectively.

Among males and age≤54, WHR index was associated with a higher risk of CHD and HF while BMI was so for females and age>54.

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SARS-CoV-2 serology is used to identify prior infection at individual and at population level. Extended longitudinal studies with multi-timepoint sampling to evaluate dynamic changes in antibody levels are required to identify the time horizon in which these applications of serology are valid, and to explore the longevity of protective humoral immunity.

Healthcare workers were recruited to a prospective cohort study from the first SARS-CoV-2 epidemic peak in London, undergoing weekly symptom screen, viral PCR and blood sampling over 16-21 weeks. Serological analysis (n=12,990) was performed using semi-quantitative Euroimmun IgG to viral spike S1 domain and Roche total antibody to viral nucleocapsid protein (NP) assays. Comparisons were made to pseudovirus neutralizing antibody measurements.

A total of 157/729 (21.5%) participants developed positive SARS-CoV-2 serology by one or other assay, of whom 31.0% were asymptomatic and there were no deaths. Peak Euroimmun anti-S1 and Roche anti-NP measurements cot underpin faster clearance and lower rates of sustained anti-S1 production may impact on the longevity of humoral immunity.

Charitable donations via Barts Charity, Wellcome Trust, NIHR.

Charitable donations via Barts Charity, Wellcome Trust, NIHR.

Chronic inflammation and residual HIV transcription persist in people living with HIV (PLWH) receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART), thus increasing the risk of developing non-AIDS co-morbidities. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a key regulator of cellular metabolism and HIV transcription, and therefore represents an interesting novel therapeutic target.

The LILAC pilot clinical trial, performed on non-diabetic ART-treated PLWH with CD4

/CD8

T-cell ratios <0.8, evaluated the effects of metformin (12 weeks oral administration; 500-850 mg twice daily), an indirect mTOR inhibitor, on the dynamics of immunological/virological markers and changes in mTOR activation/phosphorylation in blood collected at Baseline, Week 12, and 12 weeks after metformin discontinuation (Week 24) and sigmoid colon biopsies (SCB) collected at Baseline and Week 12.

CD4

T-cell counts, CD4

/CD8

T-cell ratios, plasma markers of inflammation/gut damage, as well as levels of cell-associated integrated HIV-DNA and HIV-RNA, and transcriptionally-inducible HIV reservoirs, underwent minor variations in the blood in response to metformin.