Gotfredsenduran1101

The objective of this study was to determine release profiles of extemporaneously compounded nifedipine and diltiazem in commonly used bases in pharmacy practice. Release of nifedipine 0.2%, 2%, and 10% (w/w) from Glaxal Base, K-Y Jelly, and Aquaphor Healing Ointment, and of diltiazem 2% (w/w) from GlaxalBase, hydroxyethyl cellulose-based gel, and white petrolatum was quantified using the Franz-cell diffusion system. The cumulative release was determined at 0.5 hour, 1 hour, 1.5 hours, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, and 6 hours. Two-way ANOVA with Tukey's posthoc test was used for statistical analyses, with a P-value of 0.05). Nifedipine and diltiazem release both followed Higuchi's mathematical model with the highest coefficient of determination (R2) for all formulations. Of the bases studies, Glaxal Base is the recommended base for compounding topical nifedipine (0.2%). For higher concentrations of nifedipine (2% and10%), both Glaxal Base and K-Y Jelly are suitable options for base selection. A hydroxyethylcellulose-based gel is recommended for topical diltiazem (2%).It has been reported that sinusitis and rhinitis are included in the list of most common diagnoses made by general practitioners. Even though treatment of diseases of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses requires many manufactured medicines, several European countries, as well as the U.S. BDA-366 purchase and Australia, still prescribe extemporaneous prescriptions for nose conditions. Germany created standardized compounded preparation monographs. Monographs allow prescription and preparation of medicines containing such active ingredients and combinations of active ingredients, the use of which is evidence-based. Latvia does not have any standardized compounded preparation monographs. The purpose of this survey was to analyze the active ingredients, combinations of active ingredients, and excipients of the extemporaneous prescriptions intended for administration to the nasal cavities which were prescribed by Latvian otorhinolaryngologists and general practitioners and to find out how many active ingredients are most often aration of nasal preparations. More than 70% of analyzed nasal preparations contained two or more active ingredients. Several nasal drops prescribed in Latvia need isotonization to avoid damage to nasal mucosa.Interest in the topical use of compounded diltiazem has increased. Published information on the stability of such products is scarce. The objective of this study was to investigate the stability of diltiazem hydrochloride compounded in cream (Glaxal Base), ointment (white petrolatum), and hydroxyethyl cellulose-based gel over 90 days at room (23°C), refrigerator (4°C), and elevated (40°C) temperatures, stored in white plastic and glass amber containers. Organoleptic properties, pH changes, and United States Pharmacopeia recommendations were used for assigning beyond-use-dates. The results showed that the currently recommended United States Pharmacopeia beyond-use date of 30 days is acceptable for diltiazem (2%) in Glaxal Base at 4°C and 23°C in either white plastic or glass amber jars. The cream, however, is not recommended for use if exposed to elevated temperatures (40°C) in white plastic jars but may be used within 7 days if stored in glass amber jars. A beyond-use date of 90 days for diltiazem (2%) hydroxyethyl cellulose-based gel, when maintained at 4°C or 23°C, in either white plastic or glass amber jars, is recommended. Gels exposed to elevated temperatures (40°C) should be used within14 and 30 days in glass amber and white plastic jars, respectively. Lastly, a BUD of 90 days for diltiazem (2%) ointment (white petrolatum) at 23°C stored in either jar type is acceptable. Ointment formulations exposed to elevated temperatures (40°C) may be used within 7 days in white plastic jars. Diltiazem (2%) in white petrolatum should not be stored at 4°C.Preparation of intravenous admixtures is a critical component of pharmaceutical compounding, especially in hospitals and other healthcare facilities. In addition to the considerations already covered in this series, stability is very important to ensure the patient receives the appropriate intact and effective drug and dictates the quantity that can be prepared in advance and how long the admixture can be stored and administered effectively. This article discusses the different issues involved in the stability of intravenous admixtures and methods of avoiding instability issues.Gender bias within hormone replacement therapy has been prevalent for decades, and the circumstances surrounding this bias continue to worsen. A billion-dollar industry has been built on dozens of testosterone replacement therapies and medications to treat andropause and erectile dysfunction for men; women have been less fortunate. This article discusses this bias and the well-orchestrated attempt by the pharmaceutical industry to eliminate bioidentical hormones, as well as to downplay the important role of compounding pharmacies in fulfilling the needs of women in this longstanding gender gap.The objective of this study was to describe a structured pharmacy training program in sterile compounding in a comprehensive cancer center in Jordan. A previously performed gap analysis showed a degree of non-compliance with the international standards in certain elements of sterile compounding. A structured training program with theoretical and practical domains was developed and implemented. The trainees were required to complete a compounding competency assessment at the end of the training. A questionnaire was distributed to evaluate the trainees' satisfaction. At one year of implementation, 25 pharmacists and 7 pharmacy technicians were enrolled into the training program. A questionnaire was conducted on 26 trainees. Based on the questionnaire results, 100% of the trainees were satisfied regarding the training objectives and the instructors' performance; 11.5% of the trainees stated that more time is needed for each trainee; and 3.8% said that more time is needed for the discussion. The development and implementation of a pharmaceutical sterile compounding training program in a comprehensive cancer care center was achieved by incorporating theoretical and practical techniques, with documented competency of trainees who reported satisfaction with the program. The optimal time dedicated for this program should be evaluated in future studies.