Burkevelazquez5338

Further research based on the concept of high-entropy van der Waals materials will enrich the high-throughput design of new systems with intriguing properties and practical applications.Nanoparticle vaccine delivery systems have been emerging strategies for inducing potent immune responses to prevent and treat infectious diseases and cancers. The properties of nanoparticle vaccine delivery systems, such as nanoparticle size, surface charge, and antigen release kinetics, have been extensively studied and proven to effectively influence the efficacy of vaccine responses. However, a few types of research have focused on the influence of administration routes of nanoparticle vaccines on immune responses. Herein, to investigate how the administration routes affect the immune responses of nanoparticles vaccines, we developed a nanoparticles system (NPs), in which the ovalbumin (OVA) and Angelica sinensis polysaccharide (ASP) were incorporated into poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles and the polyethylenimine (PEI) was coated on the surface of nanoparticles. The NPs vaccine was intramuscularly and subcutaneously injected (im and sc) into mice, and the immune responses induced by these two delivery routes were compared. The results showed that both im and sc administration of NPs vaccines elicited strong antigen-specific IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a antibody responses, with no significant difference. In contrast, NP vaccines with sc administration significantly enhanced immune responses, such as enhancing the recruitment and activation of dendritic cells (DCs) in lymph nodes (LNs), promoting the antigen transport into draining lymph nodes, increasing the secretion of cytokines, improving the ratio of CD4+T cells to CD8+ T cells, activating cytotoxic T lymphocyte response, and inducing a strong cellular immune response. These results may provide a new insight onto the development of vaccine delivery systems.The resin of the tree Boswellia sacra Flueck. (synonym B. carterii; Burseraceae), also known as "frankincense", is a traditional remedy used for central nervous system disorders in East Africa. Here we report the evaluation of its antiseizure activity in zebrafish and mouse epilepsy models to identify novel antiseizure compounds. The resin was extracted by solvents of increasing polarity. The hexane extract demonstrated the strongest antiseizure activity and was therefore subjected to bioactivity-guided isolation, which leaded to the isolation of eight terpene derivatives. Peptide17 A new prenylbicyclogermacrene derivative (2) was isolated along with seven other compounds (1, 3-8). Among them, the triterpene β-boswellic acid (5) showed the strongest activity and reduced 90% of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures at 100 μg/mL. In parallel to B. sacra, a commercial extract of Boswellia serrata was also evaluated and showed moderate bioactivity (45% reduction at 30 μg/mL). The extract of B. serrata was subjected to targeted isolation of other boswellic acid derivatives (9-13), which were evaluated for antiseizure activity in comparison with 5. In the whole series, β-boswellic acid (5) was the most active (60% reduction at 200 μM), and its potency was also confirmed with its purchased standard (S5). Pure nanoparticles of S5 and a commercially formulated extract of B. serrata were tested in a PTZ-kindling mouse seizure model. This notably revealed that the S5 administration reduced seizures by 50% in this mouse model, which was consistent with its detection and quantification in plasma and brain samples. This study and the preclinical evaluation performed indicate that β-boswellic acid, common to various species of Boswellia, has some potential as an antiseizure agent.Metal chalcogenide supertetrahedral Tn clusters are of current interest for their unique compositions and structures, which rely highly on the structure-directing agents. Herein, we report four novel Tn cluster-based indium and gallium sulfides, namely, [NH(CH3)3]4In4S10H4 (1), (NH3)4Ga4S6 (2), [NH3CH2CH3]5(NH2CH2CH3)2Ga11S19 (3), and [NH3CH2CH2OH]6Ga10S18·2NH2CH2CH2OH (4). All four compounds were solvothermally synthesized in mixed amine-ethanol solutions or deep eutectic solvent (DES), where ammonia/amine molecules play significant structure-directing roles in the speciation and crystal growth. (1) Being protonated, the trimethylamine and ethanolamine molecules surround the T2-[In4S10H4]4- clusters (for 1) and [Ga10S18]n6n- open framework (for 4), respectively, compensating for the negative charge of the inorganic moieties. (2) With the lone pair of electrons, the ammonia molecules in 2 coordinate directly to corner Ga3+ ions of the Ga4S6 cage to give a neutral T2-(NH3)4Ga4S6 cluster. (3) For compound 3, part of the ethylamine molecules act as terminating ligands for the T1 and T3 units in the [Ga11S19(NH2CH2CH3)2]n5n- layer, while the rest act as interlamellar countercations upon protonation. Theoretical studies reveal the contributions of N, C, and H to the density of states (DOS) for 2 and 3 because of their hybrid structures that combine the ammonia/amine ligands with sulfide moieties together.Emerging and fugitive contaminants (EFCs) can be introduced into the food chain through plants, particularly crop plants, and have threatened food safety and human health. The method for determination of volatile EFCs in plant tissues remains challenging. A new rapid, simple, precise, and accurate freeze-thaw-equilibration followed by head space (HS)-solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analytical method was developed in this study for high-throughput analysis of 1,4-dioxane and 1,2,3-trichloropropane (TCP) in tissues of three representative crop plants, corn, wheat, and tomato. The samples were treated by a freeze-thaw procedure, then equilibrated in a saturated sodium sulfate solution, and analyzed by HS-SPME-GC-MS method. Method detection limits ranged from 0.6 to 16 ng/g. The calibration showed good linearity (R2 > 0.9). Recoveries of spiked analytes in the three plant species ranged from 82.69 to 106.3%. The ability of plant uptake of the compounds from soil has been investigated.