Beardcallahan7970

INTRODUCTION Around 70% to 80% of the 19 million visually disabled children in the world are due to a preventable or curable disease, if detected early enough. Vision screening in childhood is an evidence-based and cost-effective way to detect visual disorders. However, current screening programmes face several limitations training required to perform them efficiently, lack of accurate screening tools and poor collaboration from young children.Some of these limitations can be overcome by new digital tools. Implementing a system based on artificial intelligence systems avoid the challenge of interpreting visual outcomes.The objective of the TrackAI Project is to develop a system to identify children with visual disorders. The system will have two main components a novel visual test implemented in a digital device, DIVE (Device for an Integral Visual Examination); and artificial intelligence algorithms that will run on a smartphone to analyse automatically the visual data gathered by DIVE. METHODS AND ANALYSIS ical Research Ethics Committee of Aragón, CEICA, on January 2019 (Code PI18/346).Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated in scientific meetings. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN17316993. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE Salt reduction remains a global challenge and different salt reduction strategies have been studied in China. This study is to systematically evaluate evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCT) in China and inform the effective salt reduction strategies. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Wanfang Data and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases through October 2019. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA RCTs conducted in China with at least 4 weeks' duration of study and blood pressure (BP) reported. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Data were screened, extracted and appraised by two independent reviewers. The quality of study was assessed using a modified Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool. The primary outcome was the difference in BP change from baseline to the end of study between interventions and control. The effects were pooled using a random effects model and associated factors were exp© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.INTRODUCTION Recent evidence suggests that for certain clinical conditions, placebos can improve clinical outcomes even without deception. These so-called open-label placebos (OLPs) bear the advantage of a significant lower risk of adverse events and comply with ethical principles. Although premenstrual syndrome (PMS) seems to be considerably susceptible to placebo effects, no study has examined open-OLP responses on PMS. METHODS AND ANALYSIS To test the efficacy of OLPs in women suffering from PMS, a clinical randomised controlled trial including two OLP study groups (with and without treatment rationale) was designed to investigate on the effect on PMS. PMS symptoms are monitored on a daily basis via a symptom diary, adverse events are monitored intermittently. The study started in spring 2018 and patients will be included until a maximum of 150 participants are randomised. Besides the primary outcome PMS symptom intensity and interference, an array of further variables is assessed. Multilevel modelling will be used for data analyses. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee Northwest and Central Switzerland. Results of the main analysis and of secondary analyses will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals. Chlorine6 TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBERS (1) ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03547661); (2) Swiss national registration (SNCTP000002809). © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.OBJECTIVES The current study aimed to elucidate the associations between cognitive leisure activities and cognitive function in an older population stratified by having or not having depressive symptoms. DESIGN A retrospective cross-sectional study based on a self-report questionnaire. SETTING Annual health check-ups in a rural community in Japan. PARTICIPANTS A total of 11 010 community-dwelling older adults aged ≥65 years (mean age 74.0±5.4 years) was examined. Participants with missing data for the main outcome (n=1630) were excluded. OUTCOME MEASURES Cognitive impairment was defined as at least 1.5 SD below the reference threshold (age-adjusted and education-adjusted score) on two of more of the tests in the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology-Functional Assessment Tool. Depressive symptoms were defined by a 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale score ≥6. We assessed the frequency of participation in cognitive leisure activities using the validated scale (score 0-42). A score of ≥8 points was defined as frequent participation in cognitive leisure activities. RESULTS A total of 12.6% (n=1186) of the participants had depressive symptoms. There was a significant association between cognitive leisure activities and cognitive impairment in older adults (adjusted OR=0.77, 95% CI=0.65 to 0.94). In older adults with depressive symptoms, a higher frequency of cognitive leisure activities was negatively associated with cognitive impairment (adjusted OR=0.45, 95% CI=0.28 to 0.70). In contrast, there was no significant association in older adults without depressive symptoms (adjusted OR=0.85, 95% CI=0.70 to 1.02). CONCLUSIONS Engaging in cognitive leisure activities in late life is associated with better cognitive function in older adults with depressive symptoms. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.INTRODUCTION Falls in hospitals and care homes are a major issue of international concern. Inpatient falls are the most commonly reported safety incident in the UK's National Health Service (NHS), costing the NHS £630 million a year. Injurious falls are particularly life-limiting and costly. There is a growing body of evidence on shock-absorbing flooring for fall-related injury prevention; however, no systematic review exists to inform practice. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will systematically identify, appraise and summarise studies investigating the clinical and cost-effectiveness, and experiences of shock-absorbing flooring in hospitals and care homes. Our search will build on an extensive search conducted by a scoping review (inception to May 2016). We will search electronic databases (AgeLine, CINAHL, MEDLINE, NHS Economic Evaluation Database, Scopus and Web of Science; May 2016-present), trial registries and grey literature. We will conduct backward and forward citation searches of included studies, and liaise with study researchers.