Blackburnmichelsen3520

8%) and five platyrrhine (1.3%). This shows that Nigeria Hausa population has predominantly mesorrhine nose shape, while Northern Iranians are leptorrhine.

The NI of males is higher than females in both population and this study can be ofclinical and surgical interest in Rhinology. We recommend further studies to compare the NI of Nigeria and Iranian population of different ethnic groups and with other countries.

The NI of males is higher than females in both population and this study can be of clinical and surgical interest in Rhinology. We recommend further studies to compare the NI of Nigeria and Iranian population of different ethnic groups and with other countries.

We aimed to investigate postoperative stability after orthognathic surgery in patients with skeletal class III malocclusion with severe open bite by comparison between bilateral sagittal splitting osteotomy (BSSRO) and BSSRO with Le Fort 1 osteotomy.

Seventeen patients with skeletal class III malocclusion with severe open bite who were needed more than 6 degree counterclockwise rotation of distal segment by only BSSRO in preoperative cephalometric prediction. The subjects were divided into group A, where 9 patients were treated by BSSRO, and group B, where 8 patients were treated by BSSRO with Le Fort 1 osteotomy. Patient's characteristics of age, gender, preoperative over jet (OJ) and over bite (OB) were not found to be significantly different between the two groups. Counterclockwise rotation of distal segment in preoperative cephalometric prediction by only BSSRO was not found to be significantly different between group A of 7.6 (6-10.6) degree and group B of 9 (6-13) degree. The amount of rotation was maxillary surgery than only BSSRO; however, OJ and OB kept a good relation.

In case with more than 6 degree counterclockwise rotation of distal segment, skeletal stability was better after bimaxillary surgery than only BSSRO; however, OJ and OB kept a good relation.

The study investigated the association between intraocular pressure changes and clinical ocular signs in 51 patients with orbitozygomatic complex fractures. Diplopia, chemosis, enophthalmos, subconjunctival haemorrhage, periorbital ecchymosis and extraocular muscles entrapment were assessed.

Intraocular pressure was measured in mmHg at different time intervals with Perkins and Goldman tonometers; within first 3days of injury (T1), 24h post-elevationwithin 3-14 days of injury (T2), 1month after initial treatment assessment (T3), 2months after initial treatment assessment (T4), and 3months after initial treatment assessment (T5). Intraocular pressure changes between T2/T1 and T3/T1 were analysed as change 1 and change 2, respectively, with paired

test. Significance was set at

 < 0.05.

Minimum intraocular pressure recorded in the affected eye was 5mmHg at T1 and T2, while maximum intraocular pressure was 28mmHg at T1. Mean intraocular pressure at T1 and T2 was 15.90 ± 4.73mmHg and 16.80 ± 4.43mmHg, respectively. All eye signs had completely resolved at T3 except enophthalmos, which persisted till T5. Statistical significant relationship exist between orbitozygomatic complex fracture and enophthalmos (T1

 = 0.04). Guanidine cost subconjunctival haemorrhage (T2

 = 0.003), periorbital ecchymosis (T2

 = 0.005),and T3

 = 0.001).

Chemosis, diplopia, enophthalmos, periorbital ecchymosis and subconjunctival haemorrhage showed positive contributory effect to intraocular pressure elevation in orbitozygomatic complex fracture.

Chemosis, diplopia, enophthalmos, periorbital ecchymosis and subconjunctival haemorrhage showed positive contributory effect to intraocular pressure elevation in orbitozygomatic complex fracture.

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis is an extremely disabling affliction that causes problems in mastication, digestion, speech, appearance and hygiene. Surgery of TMJ ankylosis needs careful evaluation and planning to yield predictable results. Temporomandibular joint ankylosis is very common among young children. The aim of treatment is not only to treat the movement of the joint but also to prevent relapse.

In this series, 18 cases of temporomandibular joint ankylosis were treated at our institute from January 2012 to January 2017 with osteoarthrectomy and interpositional arthroplasty. Patients were in the age range of 5-57years, with 11 males and 7 females and including 8 unilateral and 10 bilateral cases. Duration of ankylosis ranged from less than 2years to more than 6years. Seven of the patients were secondarily taken up for correction of their deformities with either orthognathic surgery or distraction osteogenesis.

Good mouth opening was achieved in all the patients with a mean follow-up period of 12months. The early post-operative mouth opening ranged from 24 to 37mm. The late post-operative mouth opening ranged from 20 to 33mm. There was a stress on aggressive physiotherapy for a minimum of 6months in all our patients.

Interpositional arthroplasty using vascularized temporalis fascia flap is a very reliable method to prevent recurrence of ankylosis, and it also avoids the disadvantages of alloplastic materials as well as nonvascularized autogenous tissues.

Interpositional arthroplasty using vascularized temporalis fascia flap is a very reliable method to prevent recurrence of ankylosis, and it also avoids the disadvantages of alloplastic materials as well as nonvascularized autogenous tissues.

Facial palsy is a condition where the patients lack voluntary movement on the affected side of the face and are not able to convey their emotions. Besides that, they also succumb themselves to social isolation. Various techniques have been devised to overcome this devastating problem. The aim of this article is to evaluate and compare facial muscle function before and after facial reanimation with temporalis muscle galea pedicled flap by motion mode echomyography in patients with long-standing facial paralysis.

Ten patients with long-standing facial paralysis were included in the study (six patients with LMN palsy and four patients with facial weakness involving specific peripheral branches), and they subsequently underwent facial reanimation surgery with temporalis galea pedicled flap. These patients were followed postoperatively for a period of 1-2years and were subjectively graded as excellent, good, fair and poor and objectively evaluated by M-mode echomyography, and the results were evaluated and statistically analyzed.