Nymannhunt7013

BACKGROUND After decades of research and clinical experience, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) turns out to be heterogeneous in every sense, including phenotype and etiology. How is this heterogeneous view translated in information that is useful and significant to parents and clinicians? CONCLUSION Our results may be useful to both clinicians and policy makers with regard to clinical ASD care in young children. An ASD diagnosis in itself may be of limited help to parents and clinicians but can be of use if it is embedded in a request-oriented diagnostic process guided by a communication model of shared decision making and aimed at elaborating a treatment-oriented profile of the child.

Disruptive behaviour problems in childhood are strongly predictive of physical and mental health problems and criminality. A better understanding of the development of children with disruptive behaviour problems will help improve our understanding of later severe mental illnesses.<br/> AIM To gain insights into the neurodevelopment of children with disruptive behaviour problems. Here, we focused on their phenotypic heterogeneity and the underlying neurobiological substrates of disruptive behaviour problems.<br/> METHOD All studies described in the discussed thesis were embedded in the Generation R Study, a prospective population-based birth cohort from Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Data were, amongst others, collected through multi-informant questionnaires and neuroimaging.<br/> RESULTS Empirically obtained dimensions of disruptive behaviour problems included oppositional/disobedient behaviour, physical aggression, irritability, and delinquent behaviour. Less white matter microstructure was ur problems are predictive of later severe mental disorders, it is paramount to acknowledge the neurodevelopmental perspective on behaviour problems.

The Dynamic Risk Outcome Scales (DROS) was developed to assess treatment progress of patients with mild intellectual disability (MID) or borderline intellectual functioning (BIF) and severe behavioral and/or psychiatric problems. Because of the focus on dynamic risk factors, practitioners also see this instrument as a tool for risk assessment.<br/> AIM To investigate the predictive value of the DROS on different classifications and severities of recidivism.<br/> METHOD DROS data from the routine outcome monitoring (ROM) of 250 forensic patients with MID-BIF who were discharged between 2007 and end of 2014 were linked to recidivism data from the Judicial Information Service.<br/> RESULTS The DROS total score predicted general, violence and sexual recidivism better than chance (AUCs > 0.58), although the effect was small. A DROS-recidivism subscale predicted general, violence and other recidivism with a medium to large effect (AUCs > 0.67). The predictive values of the DROS total score and DROS-recidivism subscale were comparable to those of the Historic, Clinical, Future (in Dutch HKT)-30.<br/> CONCLUSION The DROS total score and DROS-recidivism subscale predict different classifications of recidivism better than chance. However, for risk assessment the DROS appears to have no added value to the HKT-30.

CONCLUSION The DROS total score and DROS-recidivism subscale predict different classifications of recidivism better than chance. However, for risk assessment the DROS appears to have no added value to the HKT-30.

A considerable social stigma is attached to psychiatric disorders. Evidence shows that the portrayal of schizophrenia in the media is particularly negative. It has been proposed to replace the term schizophrenia by psychosis susceptibility or psychosis spectrum disorder. <br/> AIM Follow-up of the study of the seven Flemish newspapers published between 2008-2012 to compare the degree of stigma in reporting of autism, schizophrenia and psychosis in the Flemish daily newspapers published between 2013-2017. <br/> METHOD Via the websites of the seven Flemish daily newspapers, we searched for all articles published between 2013 and 2017 containing the keywords autism, schizophrenia, psychosis and related terms. The collected articles (n = 5,337) were then graded to their stigmatising content. <br/> RESULTS In the collected articles the coverage of autism was mostly positive, whereas the coverage of schizophrenia was predominantly negative and of psychosis both positive and negative. The contrast between the reporting on autism and on schizophrenia was very substantial (p < 0.0001). The positive coverage of autism increased over time, the coverage of schizophrenia was negative in a stable way. The coverage of psychosis was only positive in the broadsheet newspapers.<br/> CONCLUSION The social stigma attached to schizophrenia and psychosis is poignantly reflected in the Flemish newspapers. The fact that a comparable disorder such as autism is depicted in a much more favorable way than schizophrenia indicates that a more positive image of schizophrenia is not only desirable but also achievable.

CONCLUSION The social stigma attached to schizophrenia and psychosis is poignantly reflected in the Flemish newspapers. SCH900353 ic50 The fact that a comparable disorder such as autism is depicted in a much more favorable way than schizophrenia indicates that a more positive image of schizophrenia is not only desirable but also achievable.

Little is known about suicide among individuals with mild intellectual disabilities (mid).<br/> AIM To explore risk factors for suicide among a small group of clients with mid who committed suicide.<br/> METHOD Case files of 11 clients with mid were analysed using the Integrated Motivational Volitional model.<br/> RESULTS Most suicides seem to have taken place impulsively and not on the basis of a predetermined plan. Most clients had comorbid mental health problems, predominantly trauma-related, impulse control and externalizing behavioural problems. The (imminent) loss of contact, such as in the case of transfer from one ward to another ward or to a facility, seems an important risk factor for suicide. <br/> CONCLUSION Clients with mid residing in a treatment facility may have an increased risk of suicide because of an interaction between client characteristics and treatment context.

CONCLUSION Clients with mid residing in a treatment facility may have an increased risk of suicide because of an interaction between client characteristics and treatment context.