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Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is characterized by chronic liver inflammation and cholestasis due to intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct inflammation and fibrosis. Cholestasis results in accumulation of bile acids in the liver with a concomitant deficit in the intestines. Accumulation of bile acids could be causal for inflammation of the liver, whereas deficiency of bile acids in the intestines could result in insufficient deoxycholic acid (DCA) in both the intestines and the liver, leading to decreased activation of intestinal farnesoid X receptor (FXR). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.PURPOSE Detection and accurate localization of renal masses (RM) are important steps towards future potential classification of benign versus malignant RM. A fully automated algorithm for detection and localization of RM may eliminate the observer variability in the clinical workflow. METHOD In this paper, we describe a fully automated methodology for accurate detection and segmentation of RM from contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) images. We first determine the boundaries of the kidneys on the CECT images utilizing a convolutional neural network-based method to be used as a region of interest to search for RM. We then employ a homogenous U-Net-based ensemble learning model to identify and delineate RM. We used an institutional dataset comprised of CECT images in 315 patients to train and evaluate the proposed method. We compared results of our method to those of 3D U-Net for RM localization and further evaluated our algorithm using the kidney tumor segmentation (KiTS19) challenge dataset. RESULTS Tis article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Ziritaxestat is a first-in-class autotoxin inhibitor. The purpose of this study was to develop a liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method for the determination of ziritaxestat in rat plasma. The plasma sample was deproteinated by using acetonitrile and then separated on an ACQUITY BEH C18 column with water containing 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile as mobile phase, which was delivered at 0.4 mL/min. Ziritaxestat and internal standard (crizotinib) were quantitatively monitored with precursor-to-product transitions of m/z 589.3 > 262.2 and m/z 450.1 > 260.2, respectively. The total running time was 2.5 min. The method showed excellent linearity over the concentration range of 0.5-2000 ng/mL, with correlation coefficient greater than 0.9987. The extraction recovery was more than 82.09% and the matrix effect was not significant. Inter- and intra-day precisions (RSD%) were below 11.20% and accuracies were in the range of -8.50-7.45%. Ziritaxestat was demonstrated to be stable in rat plasma under the tested conditions. The validated LC-MS/MS method was successfully applied to study the pharmacokinetic profiles of ziritaxestat in rat plasma after intravenous and oral administration. Pharmacokinetic results demonstrated that ziritaxestat displayed short half-life (~3 h) and low bioavailability (20.52%). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND As a non-destructive testing technology, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has been applied to evaluate food quality because of its rapid, low-cost, non-destructive and portability. However, fish freshness evaluation based on existing EIS technology is affected by the difference of biological individual. In this study, the difference of electrical property between the two orthogonal directions was extracted to develop a new freshness indicator. A real part orthogonal direction difference parameter set (RODDS) was used to establish a prediction model for total volatile base-Nitrogen (TVB-N). Protein Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor RESULTS Compared with the traditional parameter of EIS, coefficient of determination between RODDS and TVB-N increased from 0.55 to 0.71 for calibration group, and root mean squared error (RMSE) between predicted and measured values of TVB-N decreased from 5.46 to 3.81 for test group. CONCLUSION The results implied that RODDS could effectively offset individual difference in basic electrical property and improve the TVB-N prediction accuracy in practical application scenario with samples from multiple origins. The proposed method may provide a new idea for the development and improvement of EIS-based portable testing device for fish and meat. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Compound marker consists of two different types of genetic markers like deletion/insertion polymorphism (DIP) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the genomic region of 200 bp, and microhaplotype consists of a series of closely linked SNPs in a small DNA segment (0.5). Cumulative power of discrimination (0.999 999 999 99 4835) of the 18 loci revealed that the multiplex panel could also be utilized for human identifications in the studied Shaanxi Han population. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.PREMISE Although polyploidy has been studied since the early 1900s, fundamental aspects of polyploid ecology and evolution remain unexplored. In particular, surprisingly little is known about how newly formed polyploids (neopolyploids) become demographically established. Models predict that most polyploids should go extinct within the first few generations as a result of reproductive disadvantages associated with being the minority in a primarily diploid population (i.e., the minority cytotype principle), yet polyploidy is extremely common. Therefore, a key goal in the study of polyploidy is to determine the mechanisms that promote polyploid establishment in nature. Because premating isolation is critical in order for neopolylpoids to avoid minority cytotype exclusion and thus facilitate establishment, we examined floral morphology and three common premating barriers to determine their importance in generating reproductive isolation of neopolyploids from diploids. METHODS We induced neopolyploidy in Trifolium pratense and compared their floral traits to the diploid progenitors.