Nordentoftgreve2910

Sepsis has been identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a global health priority. There has been a tremendous effort to decipher underlying mechanisms responsible for organ failure and death, and to develop new treatments. Despite saving thousands of animals over the last three decades in multiple preclinical studies, no new effective drug has emerged that has clearly improved patient outcomes. In the present review, we analyze the reasons for this failure, focusing on the inclusion of inappropriate patients and the use of irrelevant animal models. We advocate against repeating the same mistakes and propose changes to the research paradigm. We discuss the long-term consequences of surviving sepsis and, finally, list some putative approaches-both old and new-that could help save lives and improve survivorship. © 2020 The Authors. Published under the terms of the CC BY 4.0 license.BACKGROUNDS/AIMS Contact sports present intense physical contact and usually players have a high risk for dentofacial injuries. It is unclear how often these injuries occur and which collective contact sports present the highest rates. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of dentofacial injuries among collective contact sports participants. METHODS A literature search was performed in seven electronic databases (EMBASE, LILACS, Livivo, PubMed, Scopus, Sport Discuss and Web of Science). The grey literature (Google Scholar, OpenGrey and ProQuest), as well as the reference lists of included studies, was assessed. Experts were consulted to indicate additional studies. The eligible studies were observational studies that contained details of the contact sports participants who were aged over 18 years old, either professional or not, who sustained at least one dentofacial injury in the past, the number of sustained injuries, and studies which provided quantitative data on the characteristics of the dentofacial injuries, such as type and site. Risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data. RESULTS Among 1152 identified studies, 17 articles remained for final analysis. One study was classified as high risk of bias, 14 studies as moderate, and two as low risk. The overall prevalence of dentofacial injuries was 27.57% (95% CI 17.87-38.47). The prevalence in each sport was rugby 37.36% (95% CI 17.45-59.82) basketball 27.26% (95% CI 9.45-50.08), handball 24.59% (95% CI 14.88-35.83), field hockey 19.07% (95% CI 6.82-35.62). The most common injury was dental injury 19.61% (95% CI 8.13-34.56). CONCLUSION The overall prevalence of dentofacial injuries among collective contact sports participants was approximately 30%. The most common injury presented was dental injury. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is a debilitating disorder, characterized by airflow limitation, exercise impairment, reduced functional capacity and significant systemic comorbidity, which complicates the course of the disease. The critical inspiratory constraint to tidal volume expansion during exercise (that may be further complicated by the presence of dynamic hyperinflation), abnormalities in oxygen transportation, and gas-exchange abnormalities are the major pathophysiological mechanisms of exercise intolerance in COPD patients and, thus, exercise testing has been traditionally used for the functional evaluation of these patients. Vismodegib mw Compared to various laboratory and field exercise tests, cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) provides a thorough assessment of exercise physiology, involving the integrative respiratory, cardiovascular, muscle and metabolic responses to exercise. This review highlights the clinical utility of CPET in COPD patients, as it provides important information for the determination of the major factors that limit exercise among patients with several comorbidities, allows the assessment of the severity of dynamic hyperinflation, provides valuable prognostic information and can be used to evaluate the response to several therapeutic interventions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.AIM To evaluate biological control agents (BCA) against Fusarium graminearum on infected maize stalks as a means to reduce Fusarium head blight (FHB) in subsequently grown wheat. METHODS AND RESULTS In the laboratory, BCAs were applied against F. graminearum on maize stalk pieces. Clonostachys rosea inhibited the perithecia development and ascospore discharge when applied before, simultaneously with and after the pathogen. In the field, we simulated a system with high disease pressure, i.e. maize-wheat rotation under no-tillage, by preparing maize stalks inoculated with F. graminearum. The infected stalks were treated with formulations of C. rosea selected in vitro, or the commercial BCA strain Trichoderma atrobrunneum ITEM908 and exposed to field conditions over winter and spring between winter wheat. Monitoring with spore traps and of FHB symptoms, as well as quantification of F. graminearum incidence and DNA in harvested grain revealed significant reductions by C. rosea by up to 85, 91, 69 and 95% compared with an inoculated but untreated positive control, respectively. Deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) contents were reduced by up to 93 and 98%, respectively. Treatments with T. atrobrunneum were inconsistent, with significant reductions of DON and ZEN under warm and wet climatic conditions only. CONCLUSIONS The findings support application of C. rosea against F. graminearum on residues of maize to suppress the primary inoculum of FHB. IMPACT OF THE STUDY As sustainable agriculture requires solutions against FHB, the application of C. rosea during the mulching of maize crop residues should be evaluated in on-farm experiments. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Sodium ion batteries (SIBs) based on flexible electrode materials are investigated for improving sluggish kinetics and developing energy density recently. Transition metal selenides present excellent conductivity and high capacity, nevertheless their low conductivity and serious volume expansion raise challenging issues of inferior lifespan and capacity fading. Herein, an in-situ construction method through carbonization and selenide synergustic effect is skillfully designed to synthesize a flexible electrode of bone-like CoSe 2 nano-thorn coated on porous carbon cloth. The designed flexible CoSe 2 electrode with stable structural feature displays enhanced Na-ion storage capabilities with good rate performance and outstanding cycling stability. As expected, the designed SIBs with flexible BL-CoSe 2 /PCC electrode display excellent reversible capacity with 360.7 mAh g -1 after 180 cycles at a current density of 0.1 A g -1 . © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.