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are needed to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of hypothermia for LHI. The protocol for this systematic review was obtained from PROSPERO (registration number CRD42018111761).Objective To evaluate ocular and cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (oVEMPs and cVEMPs) in patients with solely intracochlear localization of an intralabyrinthine schwannoma (ILS). Study Design Retrospective analysis of a series of cases. Setting Monocentric study at a tertiary referral center. Patients Patients with intracochlear schwannoma (ICS) and VEMP measurements. Outcome Measures Signed asymmetry ratio (AR) of cVEMPs and oVEMPs to air conducted sound with AR cut-offs considered to be asymmetrical when exceeding ±30% for cVEMPs and ±40% for oVEMPs with respect to the side affected by the tumor (reduced amplitudes on the affected side indicated by negative values, enhanced amplitudes by positive values); VEMP amplitudes and latencies; tumor localization in the cochlear turn and scala. Results Nineteen patients with a solely intracochlear tumor (ICS patients) [10 males, 9 females, mean age 57.1 (SD 13.4) years] were included in the study. Givinostat On the affected side, cVEMPs were absent or reduced in 47% of the patients, normal in 32%, and enhanced in 21%. Ocular VEMPs on the affected side were absent or reduced in 53% of the patients, normal in 32% and enhanced in 15%. Latencies for cVEMPs and oVEMPs were not significantly different between the affected and non-affected side. In all patients with enhanced VEMPs, the tumor was located in the scala tympani and scala vestibuli. Conclusions As a new and unexpected finding, VEMP amplitudes can be enhanced in patients with intracochlear schwannoma, mimicking the third window syndrome.Background Blood biomarkers may enhance outcome prediction performance of head computed tomography scores in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Objective To investigate whether admission levels of eight different protein biomarkers can improve the outcome prediction performance of the Helsinki computed tomography score (HCTS) without clinical covariates in TBI. Materials and methods Eighty-two patients with computed tomography positive TBIs were included in this study. Plasma levels of β-amyloid isoforms 1-40 (Aβ40) and 1-42 (Aβ42), glial fibrillary acidic protein, heart fatty acid-binding protein, interleukin 10 (IL-10), neurofilament light, S100 calcium-binding protein B, and total tau were measured within 24 h from admission. The patients were divided into favorable (Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended 5-8, n = 49) and unfavorable (Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended 1-4, n = 33) groups. The outcome was assessed 6-12 months after injury. An optimal predictive panel was investigated with the sensitivity set at 90-100%. Results The HCTS alone yielded a sensitivity of 97.0% (95% CI 90.9-100) and specificity of 22.4% (95% CI 10.2-32.7) and partial area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic of 2.5% (95% CI 1.1-4.7), in discriminating patients with favorable and unfavorable outcomes. The threshold to detect a patient with unfavorable outcome was an HCTS > 1. The three best individually performing biomarkers in outcome prediction were Aβ40, Aβ42, and neurofilament light. The optimal panel included IL-10, Aβ40, and the HCTS reaching a partial area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic of 3.4% (95% CI 1.7-6.2) with a sensitivity of 90.9% (95% CI 81.8-100) and specificity of 59.2% (95% CI 40.8-69.4). Conclusion Admission plasma levels of IL-10 and Aβ40 significantly improve the prognostication ability of the HCTS after TBI.Background and Purpose Peripheral nerve function plays an important role in balance control. Impairment of peripheral sensory information appears in people with Parkinson's disease (PD). Furthermore, there is a link between peripheral nerve disorders and vitamin B12 level. Here, we studied whether there were deficits of peripheral nerve function and vitamin B12 level, which may lead to decreased postural stability in PD. Methods Fifty PD and 50 age-matched healthy subjects were enrolled in the study. This study evaluated folic acid and vitamin B12 levels in serum. Postural balance was studied according to the clinical Tinetti scale. Some comprehensive physiological assessments of peripheral nerve functions, including peripheral sensation, the perception of temperature, pain, and touch sensations, were also undertaken in this study. Results Compared with the control group, vitamin B12 and folic acid were decreased in PD (P less then 0.05). Furthermore, the PD group exhibited declines in peripheral nerve functions, including touch, temperature, pain, and nerve conduction velocity (P less then 0.05). Statistical tests identified a significant association between decreased peripheral nerve function and poor balance according to the Tinetti scale (P less then 0.05). Low vitamin B12 levels were also associated with deficits of peripheral nerve function, cumulative levodopa dose, and poor balance in PD (P less then 0.05). Conclusions Data suggested that peripheral nerve function was impaired in people with PD. Deficits of sensory input and low vitamin B12 level may contribute to balance deficits in PD.Migraine is a common neurovascular disorder affecting ~15% of the general population. Ranking second in the list of years lived with disability (YLD), people living with migraine are greatly impacted by this especially burdensome primary headache disorder. In ~30% of individuals with migraine, transient neurological symptoms occur (migraine aura) that further increase migraine burden. However, migraine burden is differential with respect to sex. Though one-year prevalences in childhood are similar, starting with puberty, migraine incidence increases at a much higher rate in females than males. Thus, migraine over the life course occurs in women three to four times more often than in men. Attacks are also more severe in women, leading to greater disability and a longer recovery period. The sex disparity in migraine is believed to be partly mediated through fluctuations in ovarian steroid hormones, especially estrogen and progesterone, although the exact mechanisms are not yet completely understood. The release of the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), followed by activation of the trigeminovascular system, is thought to play a key role in the migraine pathophysiology.