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Arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) are the hemodialysis access modality of choice for patients with end-stage renal disease. However, they have a high early failure rate. Good vascular access is essential to manage long-term hemodialytic treatment, but some anesthesia techniques directly affect venous diameter as well as intra- and post-operative blood flow. The main purpose of this meta-analysis was to compare the results of regional and local anesthesia (RA and LA) for arteriovenous fistula creation in end-stage renal disease.

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesize evidence from 7 randomized controlled trials (565 patients) and 1 observational study (408 patients) with the aim of evaluating the safety and efficacy of RA versus LA in surgical construction of AVF.

Pooled data showed that RA was associated with higher primary patency rates than LA (odds ratio [OR], 1.88; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.24-2.84; P = 0.003; I

 = 31%). Additionally, brachial artery diameter was significantly increased in the RA versus LA group (mean difference [MD], 0.83; 95% CI 0.75-0.92; P < 0.001; I

 = 97%) and the need for intra- as well as post-operative pain killers was significantly less (RA, P = 0.0363; LA, P = 0.0318). click here Moreover, operation duration was significantly reduced using RA versus LA (MD, - 29.63; 95% CI - 32.78 - -26.48; P < 0.001; I

 = 100%).

This meta-analysis suggests that RA is preferable to LA in patients with end-stage renal disease in guaranteeing AVF patency and increasing brachial artery diameter.

This meta-analysis suggests that RA is preferable to LA in patients with end-stage renal disease in guaranteeing AVF patency and increasing brachial artery diameter.

Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae family, which causes soft-rot disease in numerous plants worldwide resulting in significant economic losses. Results from our previous studies showed that the strain H-rif-8-6 produces low-molecular-weight bacteriocin (LMWB) Carocin S1. Interestingly, TH22-10, the caroS1KTn5 insertional mutant in H-rif-8-6, loses Carocin S1 producing ability, but still produces other LMWBs which the indicator strain SP33 can detect. The SP33 is one of the many strains that are sensitive toward the cytotoxic effects of Carocin S3K, but not Carocin S1. The result revealed that H-rif-8-6 is a multiple-bacteriocin producing strain.

In this study, a 4.1-kb DNA fragment was isolated from the chromosomal DNA of Pcc strain, H-rif-8-6, by a DNA probe using the caroS1K gene as the template. DNA sequencing and analysis by GenBank revealed two complete open reading frames (ORFs), designated ORF1 and ORF2, which were identified within the sequence fragmentThis study showed that another type of bacteriocin was found in Pectobacterium carotovorum. This new type of bacteriocin, Carocin S3, has the killer protein, Carocin S3K, and the immunity protein, Carocin S3I.

Risk stratification is recommended as the key step to prevent contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI) among at-risk patients following coronary angiography (CAG) and/or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Patients with hypoalbuminemia are prone to CA-AKI and do not have their own risk stratification tool. Therefore, this study developed and validated a new model for predicting CA-AKI among hypoalbuminemia patients CAG/PCI.

1272 patients with hypoalbuminemia receiving CAG/PCI were enrolled and randomly allocated (21 ratio) into the development cohort (n = 848) and the validation cohort (n = 424). CA-AKI was defined as an increase of ≥0.3 mg/dL or 50% in serum creatinine (SCr) compared to baseline in the 48 to 72 h after CAG/PCI. A prediction model was established with independent predictors according to stepwise logistic regression, showing as a nomogram. The discrimination of the new model was evaluated by the area under the curve (AUC) and was compared to the classic Mehran CA-AKI model. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test was conducted to assess the calibration of our model.

Overall, 8.4% (71/848) patients of the development group and 11.2% (48/424) patients of the validation group experienced CA-AKI. A new nomogram included estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), serum albumin (ALB), age and the use of intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP); showed better predictive ability than the Mehran score (C-index 0.756 vs. 0.693, p = 0.02); and had good calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow test p = 0.187).

We developed a simple model for predicting CA-AKI among patients with hypoalbuminemia undergoing CAG/PCI, but our findings need validating externally.

http//www.ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01400295 , retrospectively registered 21 July 2011.

http//www.ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01400295 , retrospectively registered 21 July 2011.

Seed germination and young seedling growth are important agricultural traits for developing populations of both irrigated and directly seeded rice. Previous studies have focused on the identification of QTLs. However, there are few studies on the metabolome or transcriptome of germination and young seedling growth in rice.

Here, an indica rice and a japonica rice were used as materials, and the transcripts and metabolites were detected during the germination and young seedling growth periods on a large scale by using RNA sequencing and a widely targeted metabolomics method, respectively. Fourteen shared transcripts and 15 shared metabolites that were continuously differentially expressed in the two materials were identified and may be essential for seed germination and young seedling growth. Enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes in transcriptome expression profiles at different stages indicated that cell wall metabolism, lipid metabolism, nucleotide degradation, amino acid, etc., were enriyoung seedling growth, and the outcome of this study is expected to facilitate rice breeding for direct seeding.

In summary, these results may enhance the understanding of the overall mechanism of seed germination and young seedling growth, and the outcome of this study is expected to facilitate rice breeding for direct seeding.