Munozwalther0720

© 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Chaetoceros debilis is considered one of the most abundant and widespread diatoms in the coastal marine phytoplankton, and is often used in research studies ranging from ecophysiology and molecular biology to oceanography and aquaculture. To clarify the species delineation of C. debilis and explore the diversity among C. debilis sensu lato taxa, monoclonal strains were established from different geographical regions, including the Danish coast, close to the type locality of C. debilis, the Denmark Strait (between Iceland and Greenland) as well as the Taiwan Strait, East China Sea and Daya Bay, South China Sea. Vegetative cells and resting spores were examined using light and electron microscopy. The hypervariable D1-D3 region of the nuclear large subunit ribosomal gene and the small subunit ribosomal gene were sequenced to address phylogenetic relationships. In both SSU and LSU trees, the C. debilis sensu lato strains clustered in four distinct clades. see more Culture material from the type locality was, along with molecular data, used to delineate and emend the description of C. debilis. Based on molecular data and detailed morphological features, one of the clades originating from Chinese waters were described as C. galeatus sp. nov., characterized by curved and helical chains, elliptical valves, and smooth and helmet-shaped primary valves of the resting spores. The remaining two clades, which also represent two novel taxa, C. debilis-1 and C. debilis-2, were not formally described as new species due to the insufficient information on their morphology. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.RATIONALE Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) present in oil spill samples are analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS) using four different methods - 1) full scan (SCAN), 2) selected ion monitoring (SIM), 3) multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) and 4) pseudo multiple reaction monitoring (PMRM). This study quantifies the relative performance of these methods. METHODS Novel experiments were designed to measure the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of all four methods. This was accomplished by spiking the crude oil with five deuterated PAHs (dPAHs) in two distinct ways 1) varying the background noise by changing crude oil concentrations before spiking the samples with 1 ng/mL of dPAHs, and 2) varying the signal by spiking dPAHs concentrations of 0.5 and 5 ng/mL into a crude oil sample. RESULTS The MRM method is the most selective and sensitive of the four methods. It also provides the lowest limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ). MRM is the optimal approach for quantifying PAHs in complex petroleum samples containing high levels of background noise. Our data show that the PAHs in complex oil spill samples can be quantified by MRM without using any complicated sample preparation steps. CONCLUSIONS Based on our experimental data, the relative performance of the four methods used for quantifying PAHs in crude oil samples can be ranked as MRM > PMRM > SIM > SCAN. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Enzyme mimics have been widely used as alternatives to natural enzymes, owing to their high stability and low cost. However, the activity and atom economy of enzyme mimics still need to be improved. Herein, we report the boosting effects of amino acids, peptides and proteins on the peroxidase-like activity of Co2+ . Among 20 amino acids, tryptophan (Trp) enhanced the activity of Co2+ approximately 8 times and was identified as the best stimulator. The study revealed the synergy of amino acids-based species and HCO3 - for efficient catalysis. Co2+ is proposed to bind simultaneously to HCO3 - and Trp, and to form a ternary catalyst which facilitates the generation of reactive oxygen species. Based on the selective boosting by Trp, a simple and low-cost Co2+ sensor with high sensitivity was developed, which showed a linear range of 10-300 μM and a limit of detection of 0.4 μM for Co2+ . © 2020 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.OBJECTIVES Our study aims to determine the symptoms and frequency of lower urinary tract in female university students and its related factors. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted between January and June 2017. To determine their sociodemographic characteristics and toilet habits, the Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms questionnaire, a 21-item questionnaire, was applied to female university students accepting to participate in the study using the face-to-face interview method. RESULTS The study was completed with 1091 individuals. The mean age of the participants was 20.27±1.69 years. The question "Do you feel a sudden urination sensation and run to the toilet?" was answered by 1.1% (n 12) of the participants with "Always," while 34.8% (n 380) replied "Never." In terms of feeling a sudden urination sensation, 0.5% (n 6) of the participants stated that they "always" experience micturition, while 15.0% (n 164) answered with "Seldom." The complaint of being unable to empty their bladder completely while urinating was higher in students with constipation problems (P .04) and a body mass index (BMI) > 24.9 (P .02). CONCLUSIONS Lower urinary tract complaints are a common problem. We believe that routine medical screening should be performed for female university students whose living conditions change when they start university; besides, we suggest that well-attended and repeatable training programs for healthy living behaviors, urinary habits, and hygiene should be organized for university students. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.INTRODUCTION Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare life-threatening thrombotic microangiopathy. Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is the first-line treatment for TTP. In our institution, albumin plus plasma (fresh frozen plasma [FFP] and/or cryoprecipitate-reduced plasma [CRP]) has been used as replacement fluid since 2014. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of albumin combined with plasma as TPE for TTP. MATERIAL AND METHODS We retrospectively evaluated 20 patients admitted to our institution due to an acute episode of TTP between January 1, 2014 and February 1, 2019. They were divided into two groups according to the replacement fluid protocols (a) albumin plus FFP (11) and (b) albumin plus mixed plasma [ie, albumin and FFP with CRP (211)] groups. Data on patient characteristics, replacement parameters, outcome, and hemorrhage risk were collected and analyzed. RESULTS There were no significant differences in treatment outcomes between the two groups (P > .05). However, the albumin plus mixed plasma group tended to require fewer plasma exchanges (median, 4) and shorter time to response (median, 15 days) compared to albumin plus FFP group (median, 6; 31 days).