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When mutant S138A ESCs were differentiated into extra-embryonic primitive endoderm (PrE), levels of the PDGFRα and FGFR1 receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) were reduced and PreE differentiation was compromised. Proximity ligation analysis showed increased interaction between UBE2D3 and the E3 ligase CBL and between CBL and the RTKs. HDAC inhibitor Our results identify a sequence change that altered the ubiquitination landscape at the base of the amniote lineage with potential effects on amniote biology and evolution. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution.Myrosinase (thioglucoside glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.147, TGG) is a highly abundant protein in Arabidopsis guard cells and TGG1 and TGG2 redundantly function in abscisic acid (ABA)- and methyl jasmonate (MeJA)-induced stomatal closure. Reactive carbonyl species (RCS) are α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and ketones, which function downstream of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in ABA signal pathway in guard cells. Among the RCS, acrolein is the most highly reactive that is significantly produced in the ABA-treated guard cells. In order to clarify the ABA signal pathway downstream of ROS production, we investigated the responses of tgg mutants (tgg1-3, tgg2-1, and tgg1-3 tgg2-1) to acrolein. Acrolein induced stomatal closure and triggered cytosolic alkalization in the wild type (WT), the tgg1-3 single mutant, and the tgg2-1 single mutant, but not in the tgg1-3 tgg2-1 double mutant. Exogenous Ca2+ induced stomatal closure and cytosolic alkalization not only in WT but also in all the mutants. Acrolein- and Ca2+-induced stomatal closure were inhibited by an intracellular acidifying agent, butyrate, a Ca2+ chelator, EGTA, and a Ca2+ channel blocker, LaCl3. Acrolein induced cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) elevation in guard cells of the WT plant but not in the tgg1-3 tgg2-1 double mutant. Exogenous Ca2+ elicited [Ca2+]cyt elevation in guard cells of the WT and the tgg1-3 tgg2-1. Our results suggest that TGG1 and TGG2 redundantly function not between ROS production and RCS production but downstream of RCS production in ABA signal pathway in Arabidopsis guard cells. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email journals.permissions@oup.com.The National Cancer Institute (NCI) Cancer Moonshot initiative seeks to accelerate cancer research for the USA. One of the scientific priorities identified by the Moonshot's Blue Ribbon Panel (BRP) of scientific experts was the implementation of evidence-based approaches. In September 2019, the NCI launched the Implementation Science Centers in Cancer Control (ISC3 or "Centers") initiative to advance this Moonshot priority. The vision of the ISC3 is to promote the development of research centers to build capacity and research in high-priority areas of cancer control implementation science (e.g., scale-up and spread, sustainability and adaptation, and precision implementation), build implementation laboratories within community and clinical settings, improve the state of measurement and methods, and improve the adoption, implementation, and sustainment of evidence-based cancer control interventions. This paper highlights the research agenda, vision, and strategic direction for these Centers and encourages transdisciplinary scientists to learn more about opportunities to collaborate with these Centers. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Behavioral Medicine.Poor health behaviors (e.g., smoking, poor diet, and physical inactivity) are major risk factors for noncommunicable chronic diseases (NCDs). Evidence supporting traditional advice-giving approaches to promote behavior change is weak or short lived. Training physicians to improve their behavior change counseling/communication skills is important, yet the evidence for the efficacy and acceptability of existing training programs is lacking and there is little consensus on the core competencies that physicians should master in the context of NCD management. The purpose of this study is to generate an acceptable, evidence-based, stakeholder-informed list of the core communication competencies that physicians should master in the context of NCD management. Using a modified Delphi process for consensus achievement, international behavior change experts, physicians, and allied health care professionals completed four phases of research, including eight rounds of online surveys and in-person meetings over 2 years (n = 13-17 participated in Phases I, III, and IV and n = 39-46 in Phase II). Eleven core communication competencies were identified reflective listening, expressing empathy, demonstrating acceptance, tolerance, and respect, responding to resistance, (not) negatively judging or blaming, (not) expressing hostility or impatience, eliciting "change-talk"/evocation, (not) being argumentative or confrontational, setting goals, being collaborative, and providing information neutrally. These competencies were used to define a unified approach for conducting behavior change counseling in medical settings Motivational Communication. The results may be used to inform and standardize physician training in behavior change counseling and communication skills to reduce morbidity and mortality related to poor health behaviors in the context of NCD prevention and management. © Society of Behavioral Medicine 2020. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.The FADS locus contains the genes FADS1 and FADS2 that encode enzymes involved in the synthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA). This locus appears to have been a repeated target of selection in human evolution, likely because dietary input of LC-PUFA varied over time depending on environment and subsistence strategy. Several recent studies have identified selection at the FADS locus in Native American populations, interpreted as evidence for adaptation during or subsequent to the passage through Beringia. Here, we show that these signals are confounded by independent selection-postdating the split from Native Americans-in the European and, possibly, the East Asian populations used in the population branch statistic (PBS) test. This is supported by direct evidence from ancient DNA that one of the putatively selected haplotypes was already common in Northern Eurasia at the time of the separation of Native American ancestors. An explanation for the present-day distribution of the haplotype that is more consistent with the data is that Native Americans retain the ancestral state of Paleolithic Eurasians.