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e development of more effective life-support strategies.

Critical illness is associated with rapid, specific and coordinated alterations in the cellular respiratory machinery, intermediary metabolism and redox response, with different trajectories in survivors and non-survivors. Unravelling the cellular and molecular foundation of human resilience may enable the development of more effective life-support strategies.

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of cardiovascular mortality globally. The improvement of microvascular function is critical for cardiac repair after MI. Evidence now points to long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as key regulators of cardiac remodelling processes. The lncRNA Malat1 is involved in the development and progression of multiple cardiac diseases. Studies have shown that Malat1 is closely related to the regulation of endothelial cell regeneration. However, the potential molecular mechanisms of Malat1 in repairing cardiac microvascular dysfunction after MI remain unreported.

The present study found that Malat1 is upregulated in the border zone of infarction in mouse hearts, as well as in isolated cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs). Targeted knockdown of Malat1 in endothelial cells exacerbated oxidative stress, attenuated angiogenesis and microvascular perfusion, and as a result decreased cardiac function in MI mice. Further studies showed that silencing Malat1 obviously inhibcrocirculation repair after MI. The underlying mechanisms of the effects of Malat1 could be attributed to its blocking effects on miR-26b-5p/Mfn1 pathway-mediated mitochondrial dynamics and apoptosis.Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a catastrophic disease with little effective therapy. Myocardin related transcription factor A (MRTFA, MKL1) is a multifaceted transcription factor, regulating diverse biological processes. However, a detailed understanding of the mechanistic role of MKL1 in AAA has yet to be elucidated. In this study, we showed induced MKL1 expression in thoracic and abdominal aneurysmal tissues, respectively in both mice and humans. MKL1 global knockout mice displayed reduced AAA formation and aortic rupture compared with wild-type mice. Both gene deletion and pharmacological inhibition of MKL1 markedly protected mice from aortic dissection, an early event in Angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced AAA formation. Loss of MKL1 was accompanied by reduced senescence/proinflammation in the vessel wall and cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Mechanistically, a deficiency in MKL1 abolished AAA-induced p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) activity. Similar to MKL1, loss of MAPK14 (p38α), the dominant isoform of p38MAPK family in VSMCs suppressed Ang II-induced AAA formation, vascular inflammation, and senescence marker expression. These results reveal a molecular pathway of AAA formation involving MKL1/p38MAPK stimulation and a VSMC senescent/proinflammatory phenotype. These data support targeting MKL1/p38MAPK pathway as a potential effective treatment for AAA.To enhance the cellulose hydrolysis at high solid loadings, an increased mixing intensity is generally required for the high solid loading hydrolysis, while it leads to higher energy consumption. In this study, the impact of mixing intensity on cellulose conversion during hydrolysis at different solid loadings were systematically studied. It was found that the increased mixing intensity is not necessary for more efficient cellulose hydrolysis. For cellulose hydrolysis at higher solid loadings, a lower mixing intensity is needed for a higher cellulose conversion. Although the increased mixing intensity promoted enzyme adsorption, it strengthened product inhibition and caused severer enzyme deactivation. Besides, mixing at the initial stage of cellulose hydrolysis was more crucial, while continuous mixing throughout the hydrolysis was not required for more efficient cellulose hydrolysis. Based on the mechanism study, a combined mixing strategy was developed to achieve efficient cellulose hydrolysis with about two-third reduction in energy consumption.The active sludge treating propylene oxide saponification wastewater has heavy salt concentration and is hard to treat. The integration of the residual sludge treatment with polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) production may provide an economic and environment friendly solution. PHA production was therefore studied in two sequencing biological reactors with effective volume of 30 L using the active sludge. The two reactors, named as SBR-I and SBR-II, were fed with acetic acid, and a mixture of acetic acid and propionic acid respectively. PHA was obtained with a yield of 9.257 g/L in SBR-II. Also, the proportion of 3-hydroxyvalarate was enhanced from 5% to 30% in comparison to SBR-I (5.471 g/L). Illumina MiSeq and Pacific Biosciences sequencing platforms were used to evaluate the community structure, which revealed that the bacterial genera showed a high degree of diversity in the PHA accumulating microbial community. Azoarcus was the most dominant PHA accumulating microorganism after acclimation.Paramphistomosis is a pathogenic disease that occurs frequently in tropical and subtropical countries including Thailand. This disease is affected in the parasites causing severe gastrointestinal disorders and death in infected animals. In the present study, we examined the anthelmintic efficacy of albendazole (ABZ) and crude plant extracts from barks of Bombax ceiba L., Diospyros rhodocalyx Kurz. and Vitex glabrata R.Br., and leaves of Terminalia catappa L. and Cassia alata L. against Gastrothylax crumenifer. The hightest anthelmintic activity on the parasites after 24 h incubation was observed in the n-butanol extract of T. catappa leaf. In this study, fractionation bioassay of n-butanol extract of T. selleck chemicals catappa leaf was conducted to both separation and discrimination of rutin served as a new efficient compound (LC50 = 28.96; LC90 = 88.75 μg/mL) against G. crumenifer. This compound was confirmed by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), 13C NMR, infrared (IR) and ultraviolet (UV) spectra as well as mass spectra data.