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e cancer. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To explore the perspectives and experiences of Irish psychiatric nurses working in acute care in regard to their role in addressing hearing voices in the people in their care, with a view to gain insight in the nurses' personal experiences, interventions they provide, attitudes, knowledge, facilitating factors and challenges. BACKGROUND Treatment of auditory hallucinations often takes place in acute psychiatric care. Traditionally treatment was focused on medication, but this is no longer the sole approach, with psychosocial interventions gaining ground. Psychiatric nurses have the potential to provide these interventions. As part of the changing emphasis of mental health care in Ireland towards more responsibilities for psychiatric nurses, there is a need to establish whether psychiatric nurses are prepared to take up these added responsibilities. DESIGN A qualitative study, comprising of semi- structured interviews (n=16). RESULTS Four themes emerged through thematic analysis. These included 1) the importance of therapeutic relationships; 2) reservations about the emphasis on medication; 3) limitations to interventions; and 4) the lack of focus/structure of interventions. CONCLUSIONS The use of systematic psychosocial interventions for people who hear voices is not well supported in the acute psychiatric settings the psychiatric nurses in the study worked in. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Many psychiatric disorders, for example, anxiety, are accompanied by disturbances of circadian rhythms, including disturbed sleep/wake cycles, changes in locomotor activity, and abnormal endocrine function. Conversely, alternations of circadian rhythms are a risk factor for the development of psychiatric disorders. This assumption is supported by animals with clock gene mutations which often display behaviors that resemble human psychiatric disorders. In this study we performed an in-depth behavioral analysis with male mice lacking the central clock genes Cryptochrome 1 and 2 (Cry1/2-/- ), which are thus unable to express endogenous circadian rhythms. With wild-type and Cry1/2-/- mice, we performed an extensive behavioral analysis to study their cognitive abilities, social behavior, and their expression of depression-like and anxiety-like behavior. While Cry1/2-/- mice showed only mild abnormalities at cognitive and social behavioral levels, they were consistently more anxious than wildtype mice. Anxiety-like behavior was particularly evident in reduced mobility in new environments, altered ability to habituate, compensatory behavior, and consistent restless behavior across many behavioral tests. In line with their anxiety-like behavioral phenotype, Cry1/2-/- mice have higher c-Fos activity in the amygdala after exposure to an anxiogenic stressor than wild-type mice. In our study, we identified Cry1/2-/- mice as animals that qualify as a translational mouse model for anxiety disorder in humans due to its consistent behavior of restlessness, increased immobility, and dysfunctional habituation in new environments. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of oral health promotion programs (OHPP) on adolescents' oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL). METHODS An electronic search was performed in five databases (Medline via Pubmed, Scopus, Virtual Health Library, Web of Science, Cochrane, Grey Literature databases) and specific indexers were used in the manual search. Clinical/community trials, cross-sectional, or cohort studies, published in any language, were included. Studies meeting the inclusion criteria were analyzed for quality and bias risk. RESULTS From a total of 2343 abstracts, 4 articles were selected for quality evaluation including 2 studies classified with low, 1 with moderate, and 1 with high methodological quality. The qualitative synthesis showed some methodological biases and heterogeneous interventions. Effective OHPP improve OHRQoL. The association of educational and dental care strategies generated greater positive effects on OHRQoL than those related only to treatment or isolated educational practices. CONCLUSION Although studies showed positive effects of OHPP on adolescents' OHRQoL, both their shortage and low methodological quality indicates the need for developing other well-designed studies to investigate the present question. Record number in PROSPERO database (CRD42018084434). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Dynamic covalent chemistry combines in a single step the screening and synthesis of ligands for biomolecular recognition. selleck chemical To that, a chemical entity is used as template within a dynamic combinatorial library of interconverting species, so that the stronger binders are amplified due to the efficient interaction with the target. Here we employed whole A549 living cells as template in a dynamic mixture of imines, for which amplification reflects the efficient and selective interaction with the corresponding extracellular matrix. The amplified polyamine showed strong interaction with the A549 extracellular matrix by on-cell NMR experiments, while combination of NMR, SPR and molecular dynamics simulations in model systems revealed insights on the molecular recognition event. Noticeably, our work pioneers the use of whole living cells in dynamic combinatorial chemistry, which paves the way towards the discovery of new bioactive molecules in a more bio-relevant environment. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Many neuropsychiatric disorders exhibit differences in prevalence, age of onset, symptoms, or course of illness between males and females. For the most part, the origins of these differences are not well understood. In this paper, we provide an overview of sex differences in psychiatric disorders including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety, depression, alcohol and substance abuse, schizophrenia, eating disorders, and risk of suicide. We discuss both genetic and non-genetic mechanisms that have been hypothesized to underlie these differences, including ascertainment bias, environmental stressors, X- or Y-linked risk loci, and differential liability thresholds in males and females. We then review the use of twin, family, and genome-wide association approaches to study potential genetic mechanisms of sex differences and the extent to which these designs have been employed in studies of psychiatric disorders. We describe the utility of genetic epidemiologic study designs including classical twin and family studies and large-scale studies of population registries and derived recurrence risks and molecular genetic analyses of genome-wide variation that may enhance our understanding sex differences in neuropsychiatric disorders.