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due to a vascular cause and local orbital venous hypertension cause different stresses and strains on the ONH.We present handheld optical coherence tomography (OCT) diagnosis of Grade 4 foveal hypoplasia (fovea plana) in a 28-day-old infant with albinism. Grade 4 foveal hypoplasia is characterized by the absence of the foveal pit, absence of outer segment lengthening, and absence of outer nuclear layer widening. Binocular visual acuity at 58 months follow-up was 1.2 logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution (logMAR). We describe our handheld OCT acquisition protocol and compare the morphological features with a healthy, age-matched control subject.
To report a case of severe acute bilateral outer retinitis after tonsillitis and rapid morphologic and functional recovery after steroid treatment.
Observational case report.
A 26-year-old woman with acute bilateral blurred vision that developed after tonsillitis underwent spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) that showed photoreceptor outer segment damage. Full-field electroretinography (ERG) and multifocal ERG were nonrecordable. The patient had a remarkable anatomic and functional recovery in response to steroid treatment; however, partial damage remained around the macula on SD-OCT, and an adaptive optics imaging system showed damaged cone photoreceptors.
Prednisolone is an effective treatment for a disease that is believed to be due to suspicious involvement of the autoimmune system. Even severe outer retinitis can recover completely with rapid diagnosis and treatment.
Prednisolone is an effective treatment for a disease that is believed to be due to suspicious involvement of the autoimmune system. Even severe outer retinitis can recover completely with rapid diagnosis and treatment.
Prospective and longitudinal studies assessing the utility of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) to differentiate papilledema from pseudopapilledema are lacking. We studied the sensitivity and specificity of baseline and longitudinal changes in SD-OCT parameters with 3D segmentation software to distinguish between papilledema and pseudopapilledema in a cohort of patients referred for evaluation of undiagnosed optic disc elevation.
Fifty-two adult patients with optic disc elevation were enrolled in a prospective longitudinal study. A diagnosis of papilledema was made when there was a change in the appearance of the optic disc elevation on fundus photographs as noted by an independent observer at or before 6 months. The degree of optic disc elevation was graded using the Frisen scale and patients with mild optic disc elevation (Frisen grades 1 and 2) were separately analyzed. SD-OCT parameters including peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL), total retinal thickness (TRT), paracereater when patients with mild optic disc elevation were separately analyzed. ROCs demonstrated that ΔpRNFL, ΔTRT, and ΔONHV have the highest AUC and are best able to differentiate between papilledema and pseudopapilledema.
The mean baseline and absolute changes in SD-OCT measurements (pRFNL, TRT, and ONHV) were significantly greater among patients with papilledema, and remained significantly greater when patients with mild optic disc elevation were separately analyzed. ROCs demonstrated that ΔpRNFL, ΔTRT, and ΔONHV have the highest AUC and are best able to differentiate between papilledema and pseudopapilledema.
Migraine is a chronic neurological disease involving the brain and its vasculature, typically characterized by recurrent attacks of moderate or severe throbbing headache, accompanied by sensitivity to light and sound, and associated with nausea, vomiting, and inability to move due to worsening of pain. About 30% of migraineurs have some type of aura, most often visual. Migraine attacks, if untreated or suboptimally treated, usually result in significant disability, requiring bed rest and resulting in poor quality of life. Increased frequency of attacks and overuse of acute care medication are significant risks for chronification, resulting in the transformation of episodic migraine into chronic migraine. We aim to review most acute care treatments for migraine.
Current treatment options for migraine attacks were reviewed from the selected literature and combined with our clinical experience.
Current acute treatment options for migraine attacks include over-the-counter analgesics, at times combined with detail. Some medications have been approved by regulatory authorities in countries other than the United States, and some devices have been given a CE Mark in Europe.
A wide variety of acute care options to treat migraine are available, and others will soon be and will herein be described in further detail. Some medications have been approved by regulatory authorities in countries other than the United States, and some devices have been given a CE Mark in Europe.Iris heterochromia is typically seen in association with congenital Horner syndrome. A man in his 40s with congenital iris heterochromia, blue in the right and brown in the left, presented with left-sided Horner syndrome. This was associated with recent change in color of his brown left iris to blue similar to the right iris. This case demonstrates a unique case of adult-onset Horner syndrome with reversal of iris heterochromia.
This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of a verification test to confirm GXT V˙O2max in a hot environment.
Twelve recreationally trained cyclists completed a two-test protocol that included a GXT progressing 20 W·min-1 followed by a biphasic supramaximal-load verification test (1 min at 60% increasing to 110% maximal GXT wattage until failure) in a hot environment (39°C, 32% relative humidity). Rest between tests occurred in a thermoneutral room and was anchored to the duration required for gastrointestinal temperature to return to baseline.
Mean verification test V˙O2max (51.3 ± 8.8 mL·kg-1·min-1) was lower than GXT (55.9 ± 7.6 mL·kg-1·min-1, P = 0.02). Verification tests confirmed GXT V˙O2max in 92% of participants using individual analysis thresholds. Bland-Altman analysis revealed a sizable mean bias (-4.6 ± 4.9 mL·kg-1·min-1) with wide 95% limits of agreement (-14.0 to 5.0 mL·kg-1·min-1) across a range of V˙O2max values. find more The high coefficient of variation (9.6%) and typical error (±3.
