Singletonmclean8995
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression by complementary binding to target mRNAs. Virus-encoded miRNAs play important roles in virus life cycle and virus-host interactions. Viruses from the Megalocytivirus genus, family Iridoviridae, infect a wide range of fishes, bringing great challenges to aquaculture. Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) is the type species of the Megalocytivirus genus. In this study, using Illumina sequencing coupled with miRNA precursor prediction and stem-loop real-time PCR, 14 putative ISKNV-encoded miRNAs were preliminarily identified from ISKNV-infected mandarin fish MFF-1 cells. To initially study their functions, inhibitors of the 14 viral miRNAs were synthesized and transfected into MFF-1 cells, which were further infected with ISKNV. The results showed that these viral miRNAs could affect the virus titers in the supernatant of ISKNV-infected cells and the expression of major capsid protein (MCP). Moreover, we observed that inhibition of several ISKNV miRNAs had different effects on MCP expression and on titer of released virus, suggesting complex roles of viral miRNAs in ISKNV infection. The current study may provide a fundamental information for further identification and functional studies on miRNAs encoded by Megalocytivirus.
Serum markers of renal function have not been characterized in patients treated with itraconazole (ITZ). This study aimed to evaluate the associations between plasma ITZ and its hydroxylated metabolite (OH-ITZ) concentrations and serum markers of renal function in patients with hematopoietic or immune-related disorder.
This study enrolled 40 patients with hematopoietic or immune-related disorder who are receiving oral ITZ solution. Plasma concentrations of ITZ and OH-ITZ at 12h after dosing were determined at steady state. Their relationships with serum levels of creatinine and cystatin C and their estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were evaluated.
The free plasma concentration of ITZ had no correlation with serum creatinine and serum creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR-cre). The free plasma concentration of OH-ITZ was positively and negatively correlated with serum creatinine and eGFR-cre, respectively. The free plasma concentrations of ITZ and OH-ITZ had no associationitant ITZ administration has a slight impact on the eGFR-cre level in clinical settings.
To determine which sonographic appearance of the distal biceps brachii tendon (DBBT) is preferred by readers, and if images obtained by two different operators are reproducible.
We performed an IRB-approved prospective sonographic evaluation of the DBBT in 50 healthy elbows using four different approaches (anterior, lateral, medial, posterior) performed by two operators. Five musculoskeletal radiologists independently reviewed the images, and ranked the four approaches based on overall appearance of echogenicity of the tendon, visualized length, and visualization of the insertion.
The medial approach was preferred in 79.6% of elbows, anterior in 17.6%, lateral in 2.8%, and the posterior approach was never preferred. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Kappa values for the five readers were 0.61 to 0.8 for choosing the images produced by the medial approach.
The appearance of the DBBT using the medial approach is preferred by readers and is reproducible between different operators.
The appearance of the DBBT using the medial approach is preferred by readers and is reproducible between different operators.
Granulomatous mastitis (GM) is not among the well-known diseases in the field of aesthetic breast surgery (ABS). The clinical presentation of GM resembles infectious diseases or malignancies, but the management of these diseases is quite different. In this study, we aimed to present the management of GM in patients who underwent ABS.
In this study, patients with GM (n = 65) and patients who underwent ABS (n = 531) were evaluated. A total of six GM patients with a history of ABS were included in the study between January 1, 2010, and January 1, 2019. The data were collected retrospectively. The quantitative variables are shown as medians (minimum-maximum), and categorical variables are shown as numbers and percentages (%).
Median duration of disease onset after the ABS was 16 (8-38) months. After the diagnosis of GM was obtained, all patients received steroid treatment. Median steroid treatment duration was 10 (8-20) weeks. Methotrexate was administered in two patients due to persistent breast mass and sons to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
Type I tuberous breast deformity (according to Grolleau's classification) is characterized by the hypoplasia of the lower medial quadrant of the mammary gland and ptosis of the lower lateral quadrant. learn more This results in an aesthetic imbalance in the breast that has an unnatural and unattractive appearance. The study aims to propose a surgical technique ensuring the successful correction of hypoplasia of the lower medial gland quadrant combined with ptosis. The essence of the technique is augmentation mastopexy with circumlateral vertical access. In the presence of pronounced ptosis of the breast, it is combined with the horizontal component and rotation of the gland flap.
The participants in the study were 26 patients (51 breasts) who were treated for type I tuberous breast deformity from 2015 to 2020. The average age of the patients was 34years (within the range of 27-42years). Patients from Group I were treated using the technique of circumlateral vertical mastopexy, and patients from Group II using circumse Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .The YABBY family is a class of plant-specific transcription factors comprising a typical N-terminal C2C2-type zinc finger domain and a C-terminal helix-loop-helix YABBY domain. YABBY transcription factors play important roles in multiple biological processes, including polarity establishment in plant leaves, the formation and development of reproductive organs, the response to plant hormone signals, resistance to stress, crop breeding and agricultural production. The aim of this review is to summarize our current understanding of the roles, functions and value of the YABBY family in plants, with particular emphasis on new insights into the molecular and physiological mechanisms involved in the YABBY-mediated modulation of polarity establishment, morphogenesis and development, and phytohormone and stress responses in plants. In addition, we propose that this transcription factor family presents great value and potential for research, application and development in crop breeding and agricultural production in the future.
