Hollisharmon8197
A subchronic toxicity study was conducted in Wistar rats to evaluate the potential health effects of genetically modified (GM) herbicide-tolerant soybean DAS-68416-4. Rats were fed with diets containing toasted meal produced from GM soybean engineered with aad-12 and pat genes or containing non-GM soybean at a dose of 30.0, 15.0, or 7.5%,w/w% and 0% (control group) for 90 consecutive days. Animals were evaluated for general behavior, body weight gain, food consumption, food use efficiency, etc. At the middle and end of the study, blood and serum samples were collected for routine and biochemical assays. Internal organs were taken for calculating relative weights and doing histopathological examination. The rats were active and healthy without any abnormal symptoms during the entire study period. No biological differences in hematological or biochemical indices were detected. No histopathological changes were observed. Under the conditions of this study, herbicide-tolerant soybean DAS-68416-4 did not cause any treatment-related effects in Wistar rats following 90 days of dietary administration.
The molecular networks and pathways involved in heart failure (HF) are still largely unknown. The present study aimed to systematically investigate the genes associated with HF, comprehensively explore their interactions and functions, and identify possible regulatory networks involved in HF.
The weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), crosstalk analysis, and Pivot analysis were used to identify gene connections, interaction networks, and molecular regulatory mechanisms. Functional analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) were performed using DAVID and STRING databases. Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were also performed to evaluate the relationship of the hub genes with HF.
A total of 5968 HF-related genes were obtained to construct the co-expression networks, and 18 relatively independent and closely linked modules were identified. Pivot analysis suggested that four transcription factors and five noncoding RNAs were involved in regulating the process of HF. The genes in the module with the highest positive correlation to HF was mainly enriched in cardiac remodeling and response to stress. Five upregulated hub genes (ASPN, FMOD, NT5E, LUM, and OGN) were identified and validated. Furthermore, the GSVA scores of the five hub genes for HF had a relatively high areas under the curve (AUC).
The results of this study revealed specific molecular networks and their potential regulatory mechanisms involved in HF. These may provide new insight into understanding the mechanisms underlying HF and help to identify more effective therapeutic targets for HF.
The results of this study revealed specific molecular networks and their potential regulatory mechanisms involved in HF. These may provide new insight into understanding the mechanisms underlying HF and help to identify more effective therapeutic targets for HF.
To study the effect of direct renin inhibitor (aliskiren) on the renal function during acute and chronic partial ureteral obstruction (PUO) in rat solitary kidney.
Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into three groups (20 rats each); sham, PUO and aliskiren groups. Right nephrectomy was performed in all groups. Rats in PUO and aliskiren groups were subjected to left PUO and received no treatment and aliskiren (10mg/kg, orally, once per day till sacrification), respectively. Blood samples were then collected for biochemical measurements. Ten rats from each group were sacrificed after two weeks, while the remaining rats were sacrificed after four weeks. Left kidneys were harvested for histopathological examination, BCL-2, interleukin (IL)-6, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, collagen I and fibronectin relative gene expression and assessment of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) activity.
After two and four weeks of PUO, aliskiren significantly recompensed the rise of serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Aliskiren also revealed significantly better histopathological results regarding cortical and medullary necrosis, regeneration and inflammatory cell infiltration. Aliskiren group showed statistically significant up-regulation of BCL-2 and down-regulation of IL-6, TGF-β1, collagen I and fibronectin relative gene expression. Aliskiren significantly increased GSH and SOD activity and reduced MDA and NO activity. Moreover, aliskiren administration for four weeks after PUO significantly yielded more renoprotective effect compared to its administration for two weeks.
Aliskiren ameliorates the deterioration of the renal function during acute and chronic PUO in a solitary kidney.
Aliskiren ameliorates the deterioration of the renal function during acute and chronic PUO in a solitary kidney.
Inflammatory macrophages have been proposed as a therapeutic target for joint disorders caused by inflammation. Zotatifin purchase This study aimed to investigate the expression and regulation of coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor (CAR) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated inflammatory macrophages whereby to evaluate the feasibility of virus-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (VDEPT).
Macrophage cell lines (RAW264.7 and J774A.1) and primary macrophage cells derived from rat spleen were used to evaluate the expression of CAR protein or CAR mRNA. Specific inhibitors for TLR4 pathway were used to investigate the regulation of CAR expression. CAR expression in rat joints was documented by immunohistochemistry. Conditionally replicating adenovirus, CRAd-EGFP(PS1217L) or CRAd-NTR(PS1217H6), and non-replicating adenovirus CTL102 were used to transduce genes for enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) or nitroreductase (NTR), respectively. The expression of EGFP, NTR, and the toxicity induced by CB1954 activation were evaluated.
phages, when activated, could facilitate the therapeutic application of adenovirus-mediated VDEPT.
Our previous study has demonstrated that porcine diazepam-binding inhibitor (pDBI) and its active fragments, pDBI-16 and pDBI-19, have inhibition effect on morphine analgesia in mice. The present study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanism and potential application of this anti-opioid effect.
Effect of DBI on morphine analgesia was examined by the tail electric stimulation vocalization test. Complementary peptides and antiserum were used to further confirm the effect of DBI in morphine tolerance and dependence. Pharmacological and microinjection methods were used to investigate the underlying mechanism.
Firstly, pDBI administered either intracerebroventricularly or intravenously dose-dependently inhibited morphine analgesia, while blocking DBI-16 or DBI-19 by the complementary peptides for DBI-16 (CP-DBI-16) or DBI-19 (CP-DBI-19) potentiated it in mice. Secondly, explicit immunoexpression of DBI in the lateral habenular (LHb) was observed in naive rats, and intra-LHb injection of pDBI dose-dependently abolished analgesic effect produced by intra-periaqueductal gray (PAG) injection of morphine in rats.
