Friedrichsenbonner5558

0 ± 5.7% of the total OM) and enriched δ13Corg (-22.6 ± 2.7‰). Conversely, control mangrove soils had the largest OM-Corg pools consisting of a large unstable OM fraction (i.e., labile; 46.4 ± 4.2%) and lighter δ13Corg (-26.8 ± 0.4‰) being characteristic of Corg from a mangrove origin. Conversion of mangroves to shrimp ponds and its degradation by shrimp farm and domestic sewage effluents caused a loss of 97%, 61%, and 35% of soil Corg stocks in the upper meter, representing potential emissions of ~1200, 800, and 400 Mg CO2 ha-1, respectively. These losses were explained by enhanced OM mineralization of unstable fractions driven by the loss of the physico-chemical protection provided by fine-grained soils and vegetation cover. The differences in Corg stability among sites can be used to predict potential carbon dioxide produced during mineralization, hence aid at prioritizing areas for conservation, restoration or management.

Air pollution and greenness are associated with short- and long-term respiratory health in children but the underlying mechanisms are only scarcely investigated. The nasal microbiota during the first year of life has been shown to be associated with respiratory tract infections and asthma development. Thus, an interplay between greenness, air pollution and the early nasal microbiota may contribute to short- and long-term respiratory health. We aimed to examine associations between fine particulate matter (PM

), nitrogen dioxide (NO

) and greenness with the nasal microbiota of healthy infants during the first year of life in a European context with low-to-moderate air pollution levels.

Microbiota characterization was performed using 16S rRNA pyrosequencing of 846 nasal swabs collected fortnightly from 47 healthy infants of the prospective Basel-Bern Infant Lung Development (BILD) cohort. We investigated the association of satellite-based greenness and an 8-day-average exposure to air pollution (PM

, NO

nd relative abundance of Corynebacteriaceae. This suggests that even low-to-moderate exposure to air pollution may impact the nasal microbiota during the first year of life. Our results will be useful for future studies assessing the clinical relevance of air-pollution-induced alterations of the nasal microbiota with subsequent respiratory disease development.

Air pollution was associated with Ružička dissimilarity and relative abundance of Corynebacteriaceae. This suggests that even low-to-moderate exposure to air pollution may impact the nasal microbiota during the first year of life. Our results will be useful for future studies assessing the clinical relevance of air-pollution-induced alterations of the nasal microbiota with subsequent respiratory disease development.For nitrogen (N) migration and transformation from unsaturated soil to groundwater, the N stable isotope (δ15N) was modified due to the isotope fractionation effect. To quantitatively evaluate the N cycle in groundwater systems, the determination of isotope fractionation is decisive. In this research, for the first time, incubation experiments were conducted to quantitatively investigate the N isotope enrichment factor (ϵp/s) associated with ammonification in unsaturated soil. Under weak isotopic fractionation, the Rayleigh function cannot be directly applied during ammonification. Thus, we proposed a different method calculating the ϵp/s values during ammonification, which were -0.03‰ for 15 °C and -2.34‰ for 30 °C. Moreover, for the first time, experimental equipment is presented to explore the isotopic fractionation effects under the co-occurrence of nitrification and volatilization. The results indicated that the isotope effect of volatilization during nitrification can be ignored in this study, and the ϵp/s values during nitrification were -10.59 and -6.81‰ at 15 and 30 °C, respectively. This work provides a novel arrangement determining the crucial parameters for identifying nitrate pollution sources in groundwater systems.Eutrophication promotes massive cyanobacteria blooms (CBBs), leading to the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). To investigate the effects of cyanobacteria on VOC emissions, field campaigns were carried out in eutrophic Chaohu Lake at six sites with different microalgae densities during CBBs in summer 2019, and incubation experiments were performed in the laboratory. The results showed that the lake water was the primary source of VOCs at six sampling sites in Chaohu Lake during CBBs, with an average total VOC flux of 81.2 ± 20.6 μg m-2 h-1. NF-κΒ activator 1 manufacturer Alkanes were the most abundantly emitted VOCs, with a share of 23.1-63.7% of total emitted VOCs, followed by aromatics (16.6-46.3%). The fluxes of total VOCs were significantly greater at sites B and/or C than at site A in July, and at site B' and/or C' than at site A' in August in Chaohu Lake. The fluxes of total VOCs from living and decayed cyanobacteria in the experimental treatments were two orders of magnitude higher than the corresponding values in the control treatments in the laboratory incubation. Taken together, these results suggested that CBBs potentially enhanced VOC emissions from the eutrophic lake, and that cyanobacteria acted as an important source of VOCs. Additionally, non-methane hydrocarbons (i.e., alkanes, alkenes, and aromatics) predominated among the released VOCs during the stabilization and senescence stages, while oxygenated volatile organic compounds (i.e. alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, and furans) prevailed during the apoptosis stage and aromatics and volatile organic sulfur compounds predominated during the decomposition stage, suggesting that VOC emissions varied markedly at different life stages.The exploiting of abundant natural polymers as potential absorbents for heavy metal ions is attracting. Cellulose is the most abundant natural polymer and exhibits amazing properties such as high chemical stability, hydrophilicity and biodegradability. However, some properties of pure cellulose-based materials including adsorbability are usually not enough, so it is important to improve their properties to broaden their applications. In the present work, hydroxyapitite (HAP) nanoparticles were prepared and introduced to improve the cellulose hydrogel (CG) properties. The structure and properties of the resultant cellulose/HAP nanocomposite hydrogels (CHG) were characterized and studied systematically. The results indicated that HAP nanoparticles was fixed and distributed evenly in CG. The maximum decomposition temperature increased gradually from 334.6 °C for CG to 346.7 °C for CHG, and the compressive strength increased gradually from 100 kPa for CG to 570 kPa for CHG with the increase of HAP content, respectively.