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Childhood is a period when the responsibilities of care and sustenance of an individual are born by others. Hence, the child is exonerated from any labor activity, which could be considered detrimental to the child's growth or development. This study examined the phenomenon of child labor and how it impacts on children's physical and health development. The qualitative research approach was adopted in this study. Eight children between the ages of 7 and 14 years who experienced different physical and health issues due to their engagement in child labor were interviewed. Working children described that their lives are endangered due to their vulnerability to harmful objects and to road accidents, given the constant traffic when working on the streets. The study revealed that child labor activities engender headaches, bodily pains, bruises or cuts to their bodies, fractures and diseases that posed serious threats to their health. Ipatasertib purchase The developmental impacts as a result of child labor compromise children's well-being, thereby making it difficult for them to enjoy their childhood, particularly in situations where their lives are threatened. The need to advance social work strategies in order to tackle the phenomenon is expedient.The visible active N-doped TiO2/ZnFe2O4 (urea-TiO2/ZnFe2O4) and CN-codoped TiO2/ZnFe2O4 (L-asparagine-TiO2/ZnFe2O4) nanocomposites were successfully synthesized by the sol-gel-hydrothermal method for direct red 16 (DR16) photodegradation. Their properties of the prepared nanocomposites were analysed using XRD, FT-IR, FE-SEM, EDX, DRS and PL tests. The DRS and PL results confirmed a narrow band-gap energy and low recombination rate of photo-produced electron and hole pairs, respectively. The effect of adding various dopant agents (urea and L-asparagine) with different loadings and magnetic nanoparticle (ZnFe2O4) into TiO2 sol on the photodegradation of DR16 was also evaluated. As a result, the L-asparagine (2 wt. %)-TiO2/ZnFe2O4 is the best photocatalyst compared to the other modified TiO2 nanocomposites due to its narrow band gap and high quantum efficiency. The catalyst concentration (1-2 g/L), DR16 concentration (25-45 ppm), initial pH (4-10), and irradiation time (30-90 min) as numerical variables were also considered for photocatalytic process analysis and moulding by central composite design (CCD). The increase in the pH and dye concentration reduces the photodegradation efficiency while irradiation time and catalyst concentration effectively improved its photodegradation efficiency. The DR16 was completely removed at 25 ppm of DR16, initial pH of 4 and 1.5 g/L of photocatalyst after 90-min irradiation. The photoactivity test was also repeated four times by reused L-asparagine-TiO2/ZnFe2O4 photocatalyst at optimum conditions. The decrease of dye degradation and loss of photocatalyst were not significant which was approved by the good performance and high recovery capability of the prepared nanocomposite.
Cognitive impairment usually occurs in the acute phase after stroke, but most stroke survivors experience some form of long-term cognitive deficit. The aim of this study was to establish the cutoff point of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-Beijing) in screening for cognitive impairment (CI) at 6months of ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA).
A total of 301 stroke patients and 15 TIA patients were recruited. Patients were assessed at six months by the MoCA-Beijing and a formal neuropsychological battery. The 1.5 SD below the level of the norm on several tests indicated cognitive impairment (CI).
Most stroke and TIA patients were in their 60s (61.23±10.60years old). The optimal cutoff point for MoCA-Beijing in discriminating patients with CI from those with no cognitive impairment (NCI) was 24/25 (sensitivity 63.28%, specificity 71.22%, PPV=73.68%, NPV=60.37%, classification accuracy=66.72%). The predominant cognitive deficits were visuospatial ability (84.85%), and then attention/executive function (79.27%).
The MoCA-Beijing cutoff score for differentiating CI from NCI after stroke and TIA at six months was at 24/25, and it is important for routine clinical practice.
The MoCA-Beijing cutoff score for differentiating CI from NCI after stroke and TIA at six months was at 24/25, and it is important for routine clinical practice.
This randomized study aimed to evaluate whether the use of a stroke clock demanding active feedback from the stroke physician accelerates acute stroke management.
For this randomized controlled study, a large-display alarm clock was installed in the computed tomography room, where admission, diagnostic work-up, and intravenous thrombolysis occurred. Alarms were set at the following target times after admission (1) 15 minutes (neurological examination completed); (2) 25 minutes (computed tomography scanning and international normalized ratio determination by point-of-care laboratory completed); and (3) 30 minutes (intravenous thrombolysis started). The responsible stroke physician had to actively provide feedback by pressing a buzzer button. The alarm could be avoided by pressing the button before time out. Times to therapy decision (primary end point, defined as the end of all diagnostic work-up required for decision for or against recanalizing treatment), neurological examination, imaging, point-of-care cs and, thus, represents a potential low-cost strategy for streamlining time-sensitive stroke treatment.
This study showed that the use of a stroke clock demanding active feedback significantly improves acute stroke-management metrics and, thus, represents a potential low-cost strategy for streamlining time-sensitive stroke treatment.
The authors examined the current state of available evidence to inform pedagogical practices for improving international field education.
The comprehensive search followed the PRISMA checklist for reviews. After outlining specific inclusion criteria, four syntax combinations were used to search five different search engines.
The authors identified 17 articles that met the inclusion criteria. The articles included seven background/expert opinion (level VII), four case studies (level VI), and six cross-sectional cohort studies (level V). None of the articles examined pedagogical practices, compared competency outcomes with students in traditional field education, or used randomized control groups.
The current state of the literature informing international field education is anecdotal and minimal. A shift is needed away from conceptual and descriptive research to evaluation of outcomes to enhance the available evidence. Research comparing outcomes between students in international field education with students in traditional field education is especially needed.
