Bengtsenwyatt9845

The paddy N and P concentrations and N and P runoff losses increased significantly with increased fertilizer application rates, while the pesticide application rate did not significantly affect N and P losses. Therefore, special effects (e.g., avoiding high irrigation, fertilizer deep application) should be taken during the high-risk periods of N and P losses to reduce the N and P runoff losses in the double rice cropping system, especially in the early rice season. There are also potentials to reduce fertilizer and pesticide input without reducing rice grain yield for the double rice cropping system in the subtropical hilly region of China. The acceleration of urbanization has aggravated the fragmentation of ecological patches and increased the uncertainty risk of habitat connectivity. In the context of landscape fragmentation, government need to establish sound policies that effectively protect the stepping-stones of habitat connection and realize urban ecological integration. In this study, a circuit theory model was used to identify the potential ecological corridors in the city and corresponding stepping-stone groups, with two important stepping-stone groups selected as our areas of focus. By establishing the potential linkages between stepping-stone nodes, we constructed stepping-stone networks within the potential ecological corridors and formulated four scenarios to analyze the robustness of the stepping-stone networks under different policies. The results show that there are 46 important habitats and 22 potential ecological corridors in Shenzhen, including 22 stepping-stone networks. The most important stepping-stone network in the centrded, producing a reference for the formulation of urban ecological protection policy. The reactions of Criegee intermediates with trace gases (such as alcohols, amines, and acids) are primarily dependent on the trace gases' functional group activity. In this study, we used density functional theory calculations and ab initio dynamics simulation methods to explore the synergistic effect of NH2 and OH groups, in the multifunctional compound monoethanolamine (MEA), on the Criegee reaction. The results showed that among the four evaluated MEA configurations, two functional groups in the g'Gg' and tGg' configurations, -NH2 and -OH, have the synergistic effect on the C2 stabilized Criegee intermediates (sCIs). At the gas-liquid interface, sCIs react with NH2 groups of MEA molecules directly or are mediated by water molecules, resulting in additional product formation. The rate calculation indicated that the reaction of sCIs with NH2 groups of MEA molecules is prior to that with OH groups. In addition, OH groups promote the reactions between sCIs and NH2 groups of MEA, while the presence of NH2 groups weakens the reactions of sCIs and OH groups of MEA to some extent. At 298 K, the total rate constant of anti-CH3CHOO with NH2 group of MEA is 4.26 × 10-11 cm3 molecule-1 s-1, which is four orders of magnitude higher than that of anti-CH3CHOO hydration. Under low humidity conditions, the reactions between sCIs and MEA could contribute to the removal of sCIs. V.Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) plays important roles in the interferences of dioxin exposure with the occurrence and development of tumors. Neuroblastoma is a kind of malignant tumor with high mortality and its occurrence is getting higher in dioxin exposed populations. However, there is still a lack of direct evidence of influences of dioxin on neuroblastoma cell migration. SK-N-SH is a human neuroblastoma cell line which has been used to reveal 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-induced dysregulation of certain promigratory gene. Thus, in this study, we employed SK-N-SH cells to investigate the effects of TCDD on the spontaneous movement of neuroblastoma cells, which is a short-range cell migratory behavior related to clone formation and tumor metastasis in vitro. Using unlabeled live cell imaging and high content analysis, we characterized the spontaneous movement under a full-nutrient condition in SK-N-SH cells. We found that the spontaneous movement of SK-N-SH cells was inhibited after 36- or 48-h treatment with TCDD at relative low concentrations (10-10 or 2 × 10-10 M). The TCDD-treated cells were unable to move as freely as that of control cells, resulting in less diffusive trajectories and a decreased displacement of the movement. In line with this cellular effect, the expression of pro-adhesive genes was significantly induced in time- and concentration-dependent manners after TCDD treatment. In addition, with the presence of AhR antagonist, CH223191, the effects of TCDD on the gene expression and the spontaneous cell movement were effectively reversed. Thus, we proposed that AhR-mediated up-regulation of pro-adhesive genes might be involved in the inhibitory effects of dioxin on the spontaneous movement of neuroblastoma cells. To our knowledge, this is the first piece of direct evidence about the influence of dioxin on neuroblastoma cell motility. V.Landfill leachate (LL), which can contaminate both ground and surface water is a major global environmental issue. The aim of the present study was to investigate the biomethane potential (BMP) of a high-strength LL with low pH (5.0), high solids concentration (16%), and high organic matter (170 g/L of chemical oxygen demand (COD); 55 g/L of volatile fatty acids (VFA)) with ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) (17 g/L). We investigated the BMP of LL at four different initial organic loadings (IOL) of 170 g/L, 85 g/L, 42.5 g/L and 21 g/L of COD and Food to inoculum (F/I) ratios of 0.5; 1; 2 and 3 at mesophilic (35 ± 2 °C) and thermophilic temperatures (55 ± 2 °C). Epigenetic inhibitor We found that the highest cumulative CH4 could be obtained at an IOL of 42.5 g/L of COD regardless of the F/I ratio and temperature. The highest methane content results in biogas at an IOL of 42.5 g/L were 72% and 74% at mesophilic and thermophilic temperatures respectively. About 80-100% of cumulative methane was produced within 15 days in thermophilic reactors, and 40-72% in mesophilic reactors. The kinetic study revealed a fourfold reduction of lag phase in thermophilic compared to mesophilic reactors. The methane yield and organic matter removal rate increased as the concentration of IOL in LL decreased from 170 g/L to 21 g/L regardless of temperature. There exists an inverse correlation between IOL and organic matter removal efficiency. About 80% COD reduction was obtained at mesophilic temperature, and 90% at thermophilic temperature, at an IOL of 42.5 g/L and 21 g/L of COD. The modified Gompertz model showed a good fit to the experimental data, with R2 > 0.98 in all cases. Overall, the findings of this study conclude that treatment of acids rich and high-strength LL both at mesophilic and thermophilic temperature is feasible at an optimum IOL of 42.5 g/L of COD. However, treatment of LL at thermophilic temperature outperformed compared to mesophilic over the digestion time.