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gume and nuts intake with odds of breast cancer support the current recommendations on these foods. Prospective studies are needed to further examine this link.Introduction The aim of this study was to evaluate the methylation status of TNF-α and SOCS3 promoters in patients with BD and compare them with a healthy group.Method This was a case-control study, in which 47 subjects with BD and 61 individuals as the control participated. Blood samples were collected from all the participants. Then, PBMCs were isolated using the Ficoll method and methylation of considered sites was investigated using the qMS-PCR technique after DNA extraction by the rapid genomic DNA extraction method and its analysis with Nano-drop.Results The methylation and expression of TNF-α showed that the methylation level significantly declined in the patient in comparison with the healthy (p less then 0.05). Moreover, the results on the mean expression showed that it significantly increased in the patient group, as compared with the healthy group (p less then 0.05). In addition, the expression of the SOCS3 gene was not significantly different between the patients and healthy subjects while the level of SOCS3 methylation was significantly higher in the patient group than that in the healthy group (p less then 0.05).Discussion The present study revealed that the gene expression of TNF-alpha increased in BD patients, suggesting that TNF-alpha likely has a role in the pathogenesis of BD.Inequalities in effective access to healthcare are present among countries and within the same country. Despite in Italy exist the principle of equity in access to health system, there are evidence of different access rates in the form of unequal waiting time within the country. Waiting times are an instruments to ration healthcare services dealing with resource scarsity. Theoretically, it is a fair tool because waiting times should depend only on health needs and not on the ability to pay. However, a growing literature has pointed out that belonging to a particular socioeconomic status leads to waiting times inequalities for healthcare services. Many countries have socioeconomic disparities among regions, and healthcare organizations need to take into account these differences. The increasing power of Regional Health Authorities in decentralized health systems, as in the case of Italy, has generated different organizational ways to provide health care, possibly leading to different access rates in the form of unequal waiting time within the country. This paper aims to understand if the administrative area (Regional Health Authorities) in charge of health services affects waiting times lowering or strengthening health care access inequalities. Using a series of logistic regression models, this work suggests the presence of two vectors socioeconomic inequalities and regional inequalities. Health organizations need to implement different kinds of answers for each vectors of inequalities.Oncolytic adenoviruses are promising agents for cancer therapy and providing a new therapeutic strategy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) gene therapy. However, the challenges associated with the therapeutic effect of oncolytic adenovirus alone include security of virus vector and screening of effective antitumor gene. In this study, a novel oncolytic adenovirus CD55-ST13-TRAIL was constructed featured with CEA promoter to control E1A, and E1B 55 kDa gene deletion in which dual therapeutic gene ST13 and TRAIL was inserted. ST13, firstly as a colorectal cancer suppressor gene, was also lower expression in PDAC than in tumor-adjacent tissues, which was associated with poor prognosis of PDAC patients. In vitro studies showed that CD55-ST13-TRAIL can efficiently proliferate and promote the expression of ST13 and TRAIL in CEA positive pancreatic cancer cells. Moreover, CD55-ST13-TRAIL has a synergic cell-killing effect compared with CD55-ST13 alone or CD55-TRAIL alone, and the inhibition of PDAC cell metastasis and promotion of apoptosis by triggering EMT and apoptotic pathways in PDAC cells. Further xenograft experiments in mice model indicated that CD55-ST13-TRAIL significantly inhibited tumor growth and improved the survival rates of xenograft animal. The findings demonstrated that the oncolytic virotherapy under the control of CEA promoter enables the treatment safety and efficiency to PDAC, which makes it a promising candidate for the treatment of metastatic diseases.Introduction & Objectives A variety of irrigation systems are available during ureteroscopy. read more We sought to compare gravity-driven pressure bags to hand-operated irrigation pumps; our primary outcome was post-operative infectious complications and secondary outcomes include unplanned re-admissions and emergency presentations. Methods A retrospective analysis of 234 patients undergoing flexible ureteropyeloscopy with laser lithotripsy by 24 supervised trainees over 6 years at a single teaching institution. Patients were divided into those who had procedures performed using gravity driven pressure bags fixed at 60-150 cmH20, versus those who had procedures using a hand operated irrigation pump capable of delivering 1-10mL per flush. Variables including surgical duration, hypotension, fever, sepsis, and haematuria were extracted from the charts, along with the surgical techniques and equipment utilised. Results There was no differences in gender, age, indication, or stone size in the two groups. Post-operative SIRS was significantly greater in the hand-assisted n=11/144 (7.6%) compared to the fixed irrigation group n=1/90 (1.1%); p= 0.032. Emergency room presentations were greater in the hand irrigation group n=46/144 (32%) versus n=12/90 (13%) in the pressure-bag irrigation, p= 0.002. Post-operative fever was also greater in the manual irrigation cohort compared to the continuous pressure cohort (13/144 (9%) versus 1/90 (1%), p= 0.011). No statistical difference was found between the two groups with respect to stone clearance and subsequent procedures required (p=0.123). Conclusions This analysis suggests that using continuous flow irrigation at a fixed maximum pressure of 150mmHg (204 cmH20) or less may result in decreased pain, infection, and sepsis compared to hand-held pressure irrigation.