Hayesboll2694
4-109% were obtained for target analytes in spiked liquor samples; trace diethyl phthalate (1.19-2.98 μg/L) and dibutyl phthalate (0.77-0.91 μg/L) were detected in two mineral water samples, with recoveries of 85.4-117% and 87.4-117% respectively in spiked mineral water samples.
Short or long sleep duration has been associated with some major chronic diseases, but whether disease-related blood biomarkers vary according to habitual sleep duration is unclear. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess blood biomarker levels in relation to total sleep duration.
The analysis includes 459,796 white British adults aged 40-69 during 2006-2010 in UK Biobank. At recruitment, blood samples and self-reported information on total sleep duration were collected from participants. A panel of blood biomarkers were measured. Using linear regression, we estimated geometric mean concentrations of blood biomarkers and mean ratio of ApoB/ApoA1 by sleep duration adjusted for sex, age at data collection, time of blood collection, and lifestyle covariates.
Percentage differences in the concentrations of most biomarkers by sleep duration were modest. The largest differences were for C-reactive protein (CRP, an inflammatory biomarker) and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT, a liver function biomarker), and the differences were markedly attenuated after multivariable-adjustment. The multivariable-adjusted geometric means of CRP and of GGT were 14% and 14% higher in <6h vs 7-8h of sleep; and 22% and 12% higher in >9h vs 7-8h of sleep, respectively.
In white British adults, most blood biomarker levels varied only modestly with sleep duration and the remaining associations may be due to residual confounding.
In white British adults, most blood biomarker levels varied only modestly with sleep duration and the remaining associations may be due to residual confounding.
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of children's sleep disturbances among students newly enrolled in elementary school, and explored the association between the two during the child's transition from kindergarten to elementary school.
In 2019, a cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,510 newly enrolled school kids and their parents in Beijing. Children's sleep characteristics were evaluated using the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), and parenting stress characteristics were assessed with the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF). Logistic regression models were used to analyze the association between children's sleep and parenting stress.
A total of 77.9% of children newly enrolled in elementary school had sleep disturbances and 15.6% of parents had experienced parenting stress. When examining the relationship between children's sleep disturbances and parenting stress, monthly family income over US$1,550 was a protective factor and children with sleep disturbances were associated with higher risk of parenting stress. Two subscales from the CSHQ were associated with higher parenting stress risk sleep duration and daytime sleepiness. Similarly, parents experiencing parenting stress had children with higher risk of sleep disturbances. This risk was also higher for children from parents screening positive in the PSI-SF subscales for parental distress and difficult child.
We found that children's sleep disturbances and parenting stress were common and there was a bidirectional association between the two during this transition time. Schools and communities need to provide timely psychological support for children and parents to address major stressors.
We found that children's sleep disturbances and parenting stress were common and there was a bidirectional association between the two during this transition time. Schools and communities need to provide timely psychological support for children and parents to address major stressors.
There is possibly an association between migraine, tension-type headache, anxiety, depression and insomnia. These conditions are prevalent among university students. Our primary objective was to verify whether students with primary headaches (migraine and tension-type headache) have a higher prevalence of insomnia. Our secondary objective was to assess whether the impact of headaches was associated with greater severity of insomnia.
Cross-sectional study. 440 students out of 3030 were randomly selected. A semi-structured questionnaire containing information about the characteristics of the headaches, including their frequencies in the last 3 months; the Headache Impact Test (HIT-6); the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale; and the Insomnia Severity Index were used.
420 students (95.5%) agreed to participate; 51.4% men; median age of 21 (19, 23); 95 (22.6%) had insomnia; 265 (63.1%), migraine; 152 (36.2%), tension-type headache; 201 (47.9%) suffered from anxiety and 108 (25.7%), from depression. The severe impact of headache (HIT-6>55 points; OR=3.9; p=0.003) and anxiety (OR=3.6; p=0.003) were associated with insomnia (logistic regression). The severity of insomnia was positively and significantly correlated with the impact (HIT-6 score), with frequency of headache, and with having anxiety (multiple linear regression).
The diagnoses of migraine and tension-type headache are not associated with the presence of insomnia. The severity of insomnia is associated with the impact and the frequency of the headaches.
The diagnoses of migraine and tension-type headache are not associated with the presence of insomnia. The severity of insomnia is associated with the impact and the frequency of the headaches.
Theoretical models argue that coping reduces stress responses, yet no studies have tested whether coping moderates the prospective stress effects on sleep in daily life.
This study tested if coping moderates the stress-sleep association using a daily, intensive longitudinal design across 7-12 days.
326 young adults (M
=23.24±5.46) reported perceived stress and coping (problem-focused, emotional-approach, and avoidance) every evening between 2000-0200, providing over 2400 nights of sleep data and 3000 stress surveys from all participants. Actigraphy and sleep diaries measured total-sleep-time and sleep efficiency. selleck compound Multilevel models tested the interaction effects of within- and between-person stress and coping on sleep.
Within-person problem-focused and emotional-approach coping moderated the within-person stress effects on actigraphic total-sleep-time (both p=0.02); higher stress predicted shorter total-sleep-time only during high use of problem-focused or emotional-approach coping (both p=0.01). Between-person avoidance moderated the between-person stress effect on actigraphic total-sleep-time (p=0.04); higher stress predicted shorter total-sleep-time for high avoidance coping (p=0.02). Within-person emotional-approach coping buffered the between-person stress effect on actigraphic sleep efficiency (p=0.02); higher stress predicted higher sleep efficiency for high emotional-approach coping (p=0.04).
This study showed that daily coping moderates the effects of evening stress on sleep that night. More efforts to cope with stress before bedtime had a short-term cost of shorter sleep that night. However, high use of emotional-approach coping buffered the impact of stress to promote sleep efficiency.
This study showed that daily coping moderates the effects of evening stress on sleep that night. More efforts to cope with stress before bedtime had a short-term cost of shorter sleep that night. However, high use of emotional-approach coping buffered the impact of stress to promote sleep efficiency.Lucid dreams (LDs) occur when people become aware that they are dreaming. This phenomenon has a wide range of possible applications from the perspectives of psychology, training physical movements, and controlling computers while asleep, among others. However, research on LDs might lack efficiency because the standard LD verification protocol uses polysomnography (PSG), which requires an expensive apparatus and skilled staff. The standard protocol also may reduce LD-induction efficiency. The current study examines whether humans can send phasic signals through submentalis electromyography (EMG) during muscle atonia via pre-agreed chin movements (PACM). This ability would manifest both REM sleep and consciousness, which are the main features of LDs. In laboratory conditions volunteers were instructed to open their jaws three times while in an LD right after the standard verification protocol to achieve the research goal. Results 4 of 5 volunteers proved to be in an LD using the standard protocol, and then all of them made PACM. The outcomes show that dream signals cannot be blocked in the submentalis area during muscle atonia. Also, this finding can be considered to develop a simplified, reliable LD protocol that needs only one EMG sensor. The cost of this protocol could be only a small percentage of the current protocol, making it more convenient for researchers and volunteers. It can also be used remotely by inbuilt in wearable gadgets. Considering PACM could speed up LD research and provide many discoveries and new opportunities. Also, it can be used in sleep paralysis studies.
Intoxications after ingestion of new psychoactive substances are currently one of the most challenging issues in clinical toxicology. Synthetic cathinones represented the largest group of drugs seized in 2020, but the increasing distribution of fentanyl analogues is resulting in a growing global opioid crisis. In addition, synthetic opioids may be intentionally combined with psychostimulants by drug manufacturers to reduce depressive effects. We report a case of severe poisoning after smoking a mixture of 4-fluoroisobutyryl fentanyl (4-FiBF) and alpha-pyrrolidinoisohexaphenone (α-PiHP).
A 29-year-old male was found out of conscious in his apartment and taken to the Intensive Care Unit. Examinations revealed pinpoint pupils, slight respiratory acidosis, leukocytosis as well as body temperature of 39.4°C and increased creatinine with decreased eGFR level. Toxicological analysis of biological samples revealed presence of 4-FiBF and α-PiHP in concentrations 87.7 ng/mL and 5.0 ng/mL (blood) and 2291.0 ng/mL and 722.2 ng/mL (urine), respectively. After 4 days, the patient was discharged home.
Unique combination of clinical symptoms was a result of a simultaneous 4-FiBF and α-PiHP intoxication. To our knowledge, this is the first case of ingestion such unusual mixture of new psychoactive substances with a full description of medical treatment.
Unique combination of clinical symptoms was a result of a simultaneous 4-FiBF and α-PiHP intoxication. To our knowledge, this is the first case of ingestion such unusual mixture of new psychoactive substances with a full description of medical treatment.
Stroke patients are at increased risk for acquiring infections in the hospital and risk of readmission. We aimed to examine whether an infection acquired during the initial stroke admission contributes to increased risk of readmission and infection during readmission.
We performed a retrospective cohort study incorporating all adult ischemic stroke patients from three New York City hospitals from 2006 to 2016. A validated computer algorithm defined infections based on electronically-available laboratory culture data. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the crude and adjusted association of infections present on admission (IPOA) and healthcare-associated infections (HAI) with 60-day readmissions, and infection during readmission.
Among the 10,436 stroke patients, 17% had infections during initial admission of which 52% were IPOA and 48% were HAI. The risk of readmission was significantly higher for those with HAIs (OR=1.40; 95% CI 1.20-1.64) and IPOA (OR=1.26; 95% CI 1.09-1.47). The presence of infection during the 60-day readmission was also independently predicted by HAI (OR=3.
