Egelundrooney9386

Migrants suffer from worse psychological health than natives in many countries, yet the extent to which this varies by age at migration and duration of residence in the receiving context remains unexplored in Sweden. Drawing on a life course approach, we investigate differences in psychological distress by age at migration and duration of residence in working-age migrants to Sweden, and examine the role of various social determinants of health in explaining these differences relative to Swedish-born. Using pooled cross-sectional data from the 2011/2015 Health on Equal Terms survey in Västra Götaland Region, Sweden (n = 58,428), we applied logistic regression analysis to calculate predicted probabilities and average marginal effects (AME) of migrant status, by age at migration and duration of residence, on psychological distress. Analyses were stratified by sex and region of origin and controlled for indicators of socioeconomic status (SES), social cohesion, and discrimination to assess their potential contrib, which may ultimately improve their psychological wellbeing. A challenge facing health systems such as the English National Health Service (NHS), which operate in a context of diversity of provision and scarcity of financial resources, is how organisations engaged in the provision of services can be encouraged to adopt collective resource utilisation strategies to ensure limited resources are utilised in the interests of service users and, in the case of tax funded services, the general public. In this paper the authors apply Elinor Ostrom's work concerning communities' self-governance of common pool resources to the development of collective approaches to the utilisation of resources for the provision of health services. Focusing on the establishment of Sustainability and Transformation Partnerships (STPs) in the English NHS, and drawing on interviews with senior managers in English NHS purchaser and provider organisations, we use Ostrom's work as a frame to analyse STPs, as vehicles to agree and enact shared rules governing the allocation of financial resources, and the role of the state in relation to the development of this collective governance. While there was an unwillingness to use STPs to agree collective rules for resource allocation, we found that local actors were discussing and agreeing collective approaches regarding how resources should be utilised to deliver health services in order to make best use of scarce resources. State influence on the development of collective approaches to resource allocation through the STP was viewed by some as coercive, but also provided a necessary function to ensure accountability. selleck inhibitor Our analysis suggests Ostrom's notion of resource 'appropriation' should be extended to capture the nuances of resource utilisation in complex production chains, such as those involved in the delivery of health services where the extraction of funds is not an end in itself, but where the value of resources depends on how they are utilised. Health workforce planning is traditionally based on demographically-driven 'silo-based' models in which future requirements for particular health professions are determined by applying estimates of the future population to the existing population-based level of workforce supply. Estimates of future workforce requirements are focused on, and constrained by population size and requirements increase monotonically. Key failures of existing models include (1) lack of integration between planning the health care workforce, health care services and health care funding and (2) lack of integration between planning different health care inputs and the potential for substitution between inputs. Hence planning models fail to incorporate emerging developments in healthcare delivery and workforce change. We present an integrated needs-based framework for health workforce planning and apply the framework using data from nine European countries to explore the workforce and financial implications of re-configuring the delivery of care through changes in the allocation of treatment tasks between health care professions (skill mix). We show that cost consequences depend not only on pay differences. Instead, workforce planning in rapidly changing workforce environments must consider and incorporate between-provider group differences in productivity (the number of patients that are served per fixed period of time) and practice style (the number and mix of tasks used in providing care to the same type of patient). OBJECTIVE Underage alcohol use, and associated deleterious consequences, persists as a serious public health issue. In particular, early initiation of alcohol use increases risk for the development of alcohol use disorders later on in life. Religiosity - a multidimensional construct, encompassing personal beliefs, commitments, practices, and public behaviors - has demonstrated a strong protective effect on alcohol consumption; as one's religiosity increases their alcohol use behaviors decrease. This meta-analysis includes research spanning years 2008-2018, and specifically examines whether measuring religiosity via a single dimension, as compared to multiple dimensions, impacts the association between alcohol use and religiosity. METHOD A systematic electronic database search spanning three databases using relevant key terms was conducted. Overall, 16 studies were deemed appropriate for subsequent analyses. Effect sizes were calculated, homogeneity of effect sizes was assessed, overall weighted effects were computed, and moderator analyses were conducted to examine the effects of study-level characteristics on the variability of effect sizes. RESULTS Religiosity demonstrated a statistically significant protective effect on adolescent alcohol use (Z = -0.21, p  less then  .001). Measurement of religiosity (i.e., unidimensional versus multidimensional) explained a statistically significant amount of effect-size heterogeneity (Qb(1) = 7.38, p = .007). Thus, religiosity measure dimensionality had a significant effect on the protective effect of youth religiosity on alcohol use. CONCLUSION Results highlight the protective effect of youth religiosity on alcohol use. To further understand the scope of this protective association, future research would benefit from exploring the multidimensional nature of religiosity and the associations between varying conceptualizations of religiosity and adolescent alcohol use outcomes.