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Since March 11, 2020, Côte d'Ivoire has been affected by the coronavirus epidemic, declared that same day as pandemic by WHO. March 11, 2021, one year after the pandemic, Côte d'Ivoire has notified 36,824 cases of Covid-19 patients and among them 211 have died. As of May 31, 2020, Côte d'Ivoire had already notified 2,833 cases and 33 deaths. At that time, false rumors were circulating in Africa about the setting up of clinical trials on candidate vaccines. The impact of these rumors on the overall use of health services had to be measured and in particular on vaccination centers.
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of the pandemic on the activities of the immunization services of the National Institute of Public Hygiene in Abidjan, which comprises four departments International Vaccination Center, Community Vaccination Service, Rabies Center, and Vaccination Unit of the Expanded Program on Immunization. The study was based on activity reports of the immunization services.
At the International Vaccination Center, activities fell by about 50% in March, 86% in April and 82% in May in comparison with 2018 and 2019. Activities of Community Vaccination Service decreased by about 26% in March and 99% in April and May. At the Rabies Control Center, this reduction was estimated at 38% in April and 45% in May. The highest losses were for yellow fever and meningitis vaccines.
The drop in attendance at vaccination services could increase the risk of epidemics, especially yellow fever, which are recurrent in Abidjan. Intensive awareness and catch-up actions should be carried out and further studies performed to assess the impact of the pandemic on immunization activities.
The drop in attendance at vaccination services could increase the risk of epidemics, especially yellow fever, which are recurrent in Abidjan. Intensive awareness and catch-up actions should be carried out and further studies performed to assess the impact of the pandemic on immunization activities.
The aim of this study was to analyse the current situation of Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP) in the Central African Republic (CAR) by seroprevalence analysis, as well as isolation and characterization of strains of the etiologic agent,
(Mmm), circulating in livestock breeding regions.
The strains obtained were subjected to whole genome sequencing by Illumina technology and genotyped using the eMLST technique based on 62 genes of the Mmm core genome. Their sensitivity to tetracycline was assessed by determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) on agar. A seroprevalence analysis by competitive ELISA was conducted in livestock breeding regions (West, Centre and East CAR), including both zebu and taurine cattle breeds, and both males and females.
The three strains isolated in the three regions of the CAR shared exactly the same genomic sequence. Phylogenetic analysis showed that they were closely related to a strain isolated in the CAR in 1991, also sequenced in this study, and cAR in spite of control campaigns based on use of the live T1 vaccines, which have shown little efficacy due to poor implementation in the field. New strategies combining controlled use of antibiotics and inactivated vaccines, with increased thermostability, should be well received by livestock keepers and allow a better control of CBPP in the region. The fact that the recent Mmm isolates are still resistant to tetracycles is encouraging.
Association between abdominal obesity and development of heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) between the sexes is not completely understood.
This study evaluated the association between abdominal obesity and the risk of all-cause mortality in patients with HFpEF while performing a gender outcome comparison.
A post hoc analysis was undertaken from the American cohort of the Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure with an Aldosterone Antagonist (TOPCAT). The primary outcome (all-cause mortality) and the secondary outcomes (cardiovascular mortality, hospitalization for HF, stroke, and MI) were evaluated via Cox proportional hazards models to compare the hazard ratios (HRs) between sexes in HFpEF patients. Abdominal obesity was defined as a waist circumference of ≥102 cm in men and ≥88 cm in women.
A total of 3320 HFpEF patients (1620 men [48.80%] and 1700 women [51.20%]) were included in the analysis. The mean follow-up period was 3.4 ± 1.7 years, with 503 patients dying during that time. CDK activation After multivariable adjustment, abdominal obesity was significantly associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality in males (adjusted HR 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02 to 1.71;
= 0.038). Abdominal obesity was associated with hospitalization for HF in both male (adjusted HR 1.39; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.93;
= 0.045) and female patients (adjusted HR 1.15; 95% CI 1.18 to 3.28;
= 0.010).
Abdominal obesity is associated with increased risks of all-cause mortality in the male but not the female HFpEF population and is associated with increased risks of hospitalization for HF in both sexes.
Abdominal obesity is associated with increased risks of all-cause mortality in the male but not the female HFpEF population and is associated with increased risks of hospitalization for HF in both sexes.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world. Diabetes mellitus has a major effect on patients' quality of life, especially when the patient has other comorbidities. Therefore, this study aims to assess the quality of life of type 2 diabetic patients in the Al-Ahsa region of Saudi Arabia.
This was a cross-sectional study, which was conducted from September 2020 to May 2021 on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Al-Ahsa region of Saudi Arabia. Inclusion criteria were patients diagnosed with T2DM and aged 18 years and older. The EQ-5D-5L tool was used in this study to measure the quality of life.
A total of 321 patients with T2DM participated in the study. Only 8.4% of the study participants reported that their disease did not let them do their daily activities at all. The most commonly reported problems related to diabetes mellitus and its effect on patients' quality of life were pain/discomfort (around 68.0% of the patients reported some sort of problems in thsions on patients' quality of life.
Telemedicine holds potential to improve access to gender-affirming care for gender-diverse youth (GDY), but little is known about youth's perspectives regarding its use. The purpose of this study was to explore GDY's experiences and satisfaction with telemedicine for gender-affirming care during the COVID-19 pandemic.
An online, cross-sectional survey was completed by 12-17-year-old GDY after a telemedicine gender clinic visit. Demographic characteristics, responses to a 12-item telemedicine satisfaction scale, and items assessing interest in future telemedicine use were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Open-ended items exploring GDY's experiences were coded qualitatively to identify key themes.
Participants' (
=57) mean age was 15.6 years. A majority were satisfied with telemedicine (85%) and willing to use it in the future (88%). Most GDY preferred in-person visits for their first gender care visit (79%), with fewer preferring in-person for follow-up visits (47%). Three key themes emerged from roviders should continue services through telemedicine while implementing protocols related to privacy and hesitation regarding camera use. While adolescents may find telemedicine acceptable, it remains unclear whether telemedicine can improve access to gender-affirming care.Gender-affirming care (GAC) is critical to the well-being of transgender and gender diverse youth and was limited by COVID-19 stay-at-home orders. Telehealth created opportunities for youth to continue receiving lifesaving care. We examined the attitudes of patients (n=21) and caregivers (n=38) receiving telehealth-delivered GAC (TGAC) from May to July 2020. Participants completed surveys after telehealth visits. Descriptive statistics compared telehealth with in-person visits across key domains. Overall, 86.5% of patients and 95.4% of caregivers were satisfied with medical TGAC and 94.3% and 93.3% were satisfied with behavioral health TGAC. Future research should determine the effectiveness of TGAC and identify areas for improvement.Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) youth are at risk of worsened health disparities during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. Health care delivery by pediatric endocrinologists, including rapid implementation of telemedicine services, during the pandemic has not been documented. The Pediatric Endocrine Society's Transgender Health Special Interest Group met virtually to survey practice patterns during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The majority of pediatric endocrinologists continued to provide most aspects of medical transition; however, we also identified several barriers to care. Overall, the survey results demonstrated that telemedicine can be utilized as an effective way to provide gender-affirming medical care to TGD youth.Cells encapsulated in 3D hydrogels exhibit differences in cellular mechanosensing based on their ability to remodel their surrounding hydrogel environment. Although cells in tissue interfaces feature a range of mechanosensitive states, it is challenging to recreate this in 3D biomaterials. Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) encapsulated in methacrylated gelatin (GelMe) hydrogels remodel their local hydrogel environment in a time-dependent manner, with a significant increase in cell volume and nuclear Yes-associated protein (YAP) localization between 3 and 5 days in culture. A finite element analysis model of compression showed spatial differences in hydrogel stress of compressed GelMe hydrogels, and MSC-laden GelMe hydrogels were compressed (0-50%) for 3 days to evaluate the role of spatial differences in hydrogel stress on 3D cellular mechanosensing. MSCs in the edge (high stress) were significantly larger, less round, and had increased nuclear YAP in comparison to MSCs in the center (low stress) of 25% compressed GelMe hydrogels. At 50% compression, GelMe hydrogels were under high stress throughout, and this resulted in a consistent increase in MSC volume and nuclear YAP across the entire hydrogel. To recreate heterogeneous mechanical signals present in tissue interfaces, porous polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds were perfused with an MSC-laden GelMe hydrogel solution. MSCs in different pore diameter (~280-430 μm) constructs showed an increased range in morphology and nuclear YAP with increasing pore size. Hydrogel stress influences MSC mechanosensing, and porous scaffold-hydrogel composites that expose MSCs to diverse mechanical signals are a unique biomaterial for studying and designing tissue interfaces.Background Although immunotherapy with immune checkpoint therapy has been used to treat head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), response rates and treatment sensitivity remain limited. Recent studies have indicated that transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) may be an important target for novel cancer immunotherapies. Materials and methods We collected genomic profile data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method and Cox regression were used to establish a prognostic model. Gene set enrichment analysis was applied to explore biological functions. Tracking of indels by decomposition and subclass mapping algorithms were adopted to evaluate immunotherapy efficiency. Result We established a seven TGF-β pathway-associated gene signature with good prediction efficiency. The high-risk score subgroup mainly showed enrichment in tumor-associated signaling such as hypoxia and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathways; This subgroup was also associated with tumor progression.
