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The challenge is the optimization of therapy for each patient. However, there are still gaps in optimal stroke prevention, and the mortality rates remain high in patients with AF.

The increasing prevalence of AF and AF-related comorbidities proves the need for comprehensive prevention and management strategies. The challenge is the optimization of therapy for each patient. However, there are still gaps in optimal stroke prevention, and the mortality rates remain high in patients with AF.

Cancer cachexia is a complex multifaceted syndrome involving functional impairment, changes in body composition, and nutritional disorders. The treatment of cancer cachexia can be based on these three domains of the syndrome. Phase II and III trials of anamorelin, a ghrelin mimetic agent, have been shown to increase body weight in patients with cancer cachexia, mainly by increasing muscle and fat mass. Anamorelin has been shown to improve anorexia scores.

This review aims to outline the effect of anamorelin on body composition and functional parameters as well as to discuss the clinical importance of these alterations in patients with cancer cachexia.

To date, there is no treatment approved to enhance body composition and functional parameters in patients with cancer cachexia. Anamorelin, the most advanced therapy to treat cachexia, has not yielded convincing results in all aspects of the syndrome. In particular, no effect has been noted on physical function and long-term survival. Along with these essential improvements for future interventions with anamorelin, subsequent studies must address other etiologies of cancer, rather than non-small cell lung cancer, and add complementary therapies, such as exercise training and nutritional interventions, in an attempt to overcome cancer cachexia.

To date, there is no treatment approved to enhance body composition and functional parameters in patients with cancer cachexia. Anamorelin, the most advanced therapy to treat cachexia, has not yielded convincing results in all aspects of the syndrome. In particular, no effect has been noted on physical function and long-term survival. Along with these essential improvements for future interventions with anamorelin, subsequent studies must address other etiologies of cancer, rather than non-small cell lung cancer, and add complementary therapies, such as exercise training and nutritional interventions, in an attempt to overcome cancer cachexia.Introduction Since medication errors related to incorrect administration routes are less common than other errors, they are rarely considered when assessing patient mistakes. The present review was performed to search for papers assessing incorrect route medication errors made by adult patients with the aim of providing an overview of this phenomenon.Areas covered PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE were searched up to October 2019 using free text and MeSH terms, returning 7609 results. Papers were considered eligible if they considered incorrect administration route errors by adult patients in domestic settings. Eleven papers were included, primarily from National Poison Centers (NPCs) or similar institutions from USA or Europe (observation period 1985-2014). The data showed how an incorrect route of self-administration is a concern for patient safety and should be considered when evaluating medication errors. Moreover, one of the main observations that the results highlighted was the difficulty of obtaining clear and precise data regarding self-administration.Expert opinion NPC reports are a reliable but not exhaustive tool due to high underreporting; reports should provide additional information or insights into these issues. Additionally, improvements in drug packaging and labeling, proper plain language instruction and patient education could reduce the frequency of such errors.Trypsin inhibitors from tamarind seed have been studied in vitro and in preclinical studies for the treatment of obesity, its complications and associated comorbidities. It is still necessary to fully understand the structure and behaviour of these molecules. We purifed this inhibitor, sequenced de novo by MALDI-TOF/TOF, performed its homology modelling, and assessed the interaction with the trypsin enzyme through molecular dynamics (MD) simulation under physiological conditions. We identified additional 75 amino acid residues, reaching approximately 72% of total coverage. The four best conformations of the best homology modelling were submitted to the MD. The conformation n°287 was selected considering the RMSD analysis and interaction energy (-301.0128 kcal.mol-1). Residues Ile (54), Pro (57), Arg (59), Arg (63), and Glu (78) of pTTI presented the highest interactions with trypsin, and arginine residues were mainly involved in its binding mechanism. The results favour bioprospecting of this protein for pharmaceutical health applications.Introduction Biliary Tract Cancer (BTC) is a heterogeneous group of malignant neoplasms with a complex molecular pathogenesis. The prognosis of metastatic disease is dramatically dismal and therapeutic options are scarce. Systemic chemotherapy is the gold standard for the metastatic disease. However, because of the disappointing results with conventional chemotherapy, investigators have turned to new biological therapeutic options targeting the main molecular pathways, neo-angiogenesis, involved in the disease pathogenesis.Areas covered This paper examines the rationale of using antiangiogenic therapies in this setting, evaluates the therapeutic implications, and highlights ongoing studies and future perspectives. selleck chemical A Pubmed systematic review of preclinical and clinical data was performed which enabled the composition of this paper.Expert opinion Amore in-depth understanding of the interplay between the neo-angiogenesis pathways, and the microenvironment will could propel the design new therapeutic strategies. Nowadays, the combination of antiangiogenic drugs and immune check-point inhibitors looks promising, but further, more comprehensive data are necessary to gain afuller picture. In an era of novel technologies and techniques, which includes radiomics, the challenge is to identify the biomarkers of response to antiangiogenic drugs which will permit the selection of patients that are more likely to respond to antiangiogenic therapies.