Melvinwhittaker8477

Although it is manly new approach considered as environmentally friendly, there are finding, observation, negative aspects, and conclusion that must be taken into consideration.

The findings of this review confirm that many factors must be considered when carbon-based materials are used. Sodium Monensin cell line At the same time, this review aims to emphasize development trends in providing a useful guide to design and fabricate high-efficiency and low-cost carbon materials.

The findings of this review confirm that many factors must be considered when carbon-based materials are used. At the same time, this review aims to emphasize development trends in providing a useful guide to design and fabricate high-efficiency and low-cost carbon materials.

Heart disease (cardiovascular disease CVD) is considered as the leading cause of worldwide death. These diseases are recognized as group of disorders which are related to heart and blood vessels. Generally, heart diseases are considered life style associated diseases but many other factors are also found associated with cardiovascular diseases.

The aim of this review is to provide the till date information regarding local and circulatory disorders, role of different vitamin and herbs on heart diseases.

This review article contains a detailed survey of literature about cardiovascular diseases which was available in different online databases such as; PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Elsevier, and Google Scholar etc. In this review, authors have focused on description of cardiovascular disorders, their pathophysiological properties and importance of micronutrients, vitamins and herbs in management of cardiovascular diseases.

Cardiovascular diseases are considered the responsible approximately forblems. Including this, scintific studies have supported the role of many vitamins, nutrients and herbs as beneficial in cardiovascular diseases but many of them could not demonstrate their role at clinical level but it is suggested that their role as nutriens can not be ignored and their consumption may reduc the cardiovascular risks.Atherosclerosis, a major contributor to cardiovascular disease is a global alarm causing mortality worldwide. Being a progressive disease in the arteries, it mainly causes recruitment of monocytes to the inflammatory sites and subside pathological conditions. Monocyte-derived macrophage mainly acts in foam cell formation by engorging the LDL molecules, oxidizes it into Ox-LDL and leads to plaque deposit development. Macrophages in general differentiate, proliferate and undergo apoptosis at the inflammatory site. Frequently two subtypes of macrophages M1 and M2 has to act crucially in balancing the micro-environmental conditions of endothelial cells in arteries. The productions of proinflammatory mediators like IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α by M1 macrophage has atherogenic properties majorly produced during the early progression of atherosclerotic plaques. To counteract cytokine productions and M1-M2 balance, secondary metabolites (phytochemicals) from plants act as a therapeutic agent in alleviating atherosclerosis progression. This review summarizes the fundamental role of the macrophage in atherosclerotic lesion formation along with its plasticity characteristic as well as recent therapeutic strategies using herbal components and anti-inflammatory cytokines as potential immunomodulators.

A rare type of cutaneous adverse drug reaction (CADR), lichenoid drug eruption (LDE), can be associated with ethambutol.

A 60-year-old woman with spinal tuberculosis received multiple anti-TB medications and developed rashes after 3 months of the treatments. A skin biopsy from the posterior auricular area confirmed lichenoid dermatitis and the Naranjo causality assessment indicated ethambutol as a probable cause of LDE in the patient. The rashes slowly improved after discontinuation of ethambutol . Unfortunately, the residual of brown hyperpigmentation on the body has still persisted for over 16 months.

The medications were reduced to isoniazid 300 mg/day and rifampicin 450 mg /day as planned for another 3 months. This case report points out the essentials of early recognition of ethambutol LDE by health care professionals.

The medications were reduced to isoniazid 300 mg/day and rifampicin 450 mg /day as planned for another 3 months. This case report points out the essentials of early recognition of ethambutol LDE by health care professionals.Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitors (AGIs) are a group of drugs which acts on the gastrointestinal tract and helps in reducing fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia by reducing the absorption of carbohydrates. This group comprises of Acarbose, Miglitol and Voglibose. They are available in the market for almost three decades now. When used as monotherapy Glycated Haemoglobin (HBA1c) reduction can be as high as 0.77% which is predominantly noted in Eastern Asian population and those on high carbohydrate diet. There is more pronounced reduction in HbA1c in those who present with higher baseline values. Despite not showing a significant cardiovascular benefit with regards to mortality and morbidity, they have proven to be a safe class of drugs which can be used in patients not tolerating various other antidiabetic agents due to their local site of action and poor systemic absorption. Though they are available worldwide AGIs are used more often in the Far East and South Asia. They have shown benefits in reducing the development of diabetes when used in those with impaired glucose tolerance or pre-diabetes. They have shown to improve postprandial hyperglycemia, which in itself is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity. These have proven their safety from both cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular perspectives and can be combined with any class of anti diabetic agents. They are not favoured in most of the current Western Guidelines due to their modest HbA1c reduction, neutrality with cardiovascular benefit as well as their significant gastrointestinal side effect profile.

The prevalence of cholelithiasis in developed countries is high and its cause multifactorial, with a negligible proportion of drug-induced cholelithiasis.

Relevant studies were identified by PubMed, Google Scholar and Science Direct. Reference lists of retrieved articles were also reviewed. The most relevant and up-to-date information was incorporated.

There is a wide range of drugs that can induce lithiasis. While the risk of developing lithiasis is high with some drugs (ceftriaxone, atazanavir, somatostatin analogues), it is lower or even questionable with others. Some drugs precipitate in the bile and may account for up to 100% of weight of the stone.

Cholelithiasis can be induced by a wide range of drugs with different mechanisms of action.The aim of the article is to draw attention to this lesser known fact and the need to take into account the risk of developing lithiasis prior to therapy initiation.

Cholelithiasis can be induced by a wide range of drugs with different mechanisms of action.The aim of the article is to draw attention to this lesser known fact and the need to take into account the risk of developing lithiasis prior to therapy initiation.